Kutnohorské dolování / Kutna Hora mining
V nekolika castech se podivame do minulosti na stredovekou Kutnou Horu z pohledu jejiho vyznamu v oblasti hornictvi a zpracovani rud. Jednotlive oblasti zcasti vyuzivaji tematicka zastaveni NS Stribrna stezka severni a jizni cast, ktere jsou pomerne rozsahle (kazda 12 km). Severni cast zacina u restaurace "Na Pasince" na Kanku, jizni cast na Palackeho namesti v centru Kutne Hory.
Separate areas partly use tematical stops NS Silver route nothern and southern part, which are relatively vast (every 12 km). Northern part begins near the restauration "Na Pasince" on Kank, southern part at Palackeho square in the centre of Kutna Hora.
Mapa oblasti
Strucná historie / brief history
O pocatcich kutnohorskeho dolovani se nezachovaly verohodne zpravy, nektere prameny uvadi pocatky povrchove tezby koncem 10.stoleti. Zacatkem devadesatych let 13.stoleti doslo k novym objevum, zpravy o nesmirnem bohatstvi se rychle rozsirily do cele Evropy a nastal tzv."sbeh ke kutne". Stribronosne zily kutnohorska byly ve vrcholnem stredoveku zakladni oporou ekonomiky ceskeho kralovstvi. Produkce ze zdejsich lozisek predstavovala ve 13. a 14. stoleti az 90% tezby stribra v ceskych zemich a patrila k nejvetsim v Evrope. V prvni polovine 14.stoleti rocni produkce dosahovala 5 az 6 tun stribra, ke konci 14.stoleti byla produkce 6 az 7 tun stribra a 50 az 100 tun medi. Neustaly postup do vetsich hloubek se na prelomu 14. a 15.stoleti projevil poklesem tezby a soucasne i zvysenim vyrobnich nakladu. Nasledujici upadek, ktery tehdy postihl hlavne nejstarsi a nejvetsi doly, byl prohlouben vlivem husitskych bouri. K rozsahlejsi obnove doslo az ve druhe polovine 15.stoleti, kdyz se dulni cinnost presunula na jizni usek Oselskeho pasma a zejmena na stribrem chudsi, ale podstatne mohutnejsi kyzova loziska na Staroceskem a Turkankskem pasmu v prostoru Kanku. Prvni polovina 16.stoleti byla druhym vrcholem produkce stribra v Kutne Hore. Ziskavane kyzy obsahovaly v prumeru jen 200 az 300 g/t Ag, presto byly rocne ziskavany cca 1 az 4 tuny stribra a 35 az 60 tun medi. V polovine 16.stoleti bylo dolovani provozovano se stale vetsimi potizemi, plynoucimi z vytezeni bohatsich svrchnich partii a ze zvysovanim nakladu pri tezbe rud a cerpani vody z velkych hloubek. Hrozici upadek dolovani byl ve druhe polovine 16.stoleti na cas oddalen objevem bohateho loziska na Benatecke zile. Upadek na prelomu 16. a 17.stoleti postihl cely revir. Krize zacala prakticky v roce 1616 zastavenim veskere podpory dolovani a v roce 1625 dal Ferdinand II souhlas k definitivnimu opusteni dolu.
Po roce 1620 melo dolovani jiz jen maly rozsah a omezovalo se jen na pokusne kutani. V roce 1726 byla po vice nez 400 letech cinnosti prelozena do Prahy i kralovska mincovna.
Nadeje na vzkriseni hornicke slavy Kutne Hory prinesl v roce 1733 nahodny objev stribronosne zily pri kopani studny na Skalce, ktera vsak byla malo vynosna.
Posledni etapa dolovani zacala v roce 1939, kdy se projevil zajem o rozvoj tezby barevnych kovu. V Kutne Hore se jednalo predevsim o zinek, med, olovo a antimon.
Po valce byla v roce 1951 zahajena vystavba dolu a flotacni upravny rud na Kanku. Do roku 1991 se zde vytezilo priblizne 2300 kt rudniny. Na Kank byly pro zpracovani dovazeny rudy i z dalsich lozisek v republice. Po celou dobu provozu probihal v reviru bansky, vrtny, geofyzikalni a geochemicky pruzkum, ktery prinesl nove poznatky o celkove stavbe a loziskovych pomerech reviru.
Koncem 80.let se rentabilita zavodu stale snizovala a proto byl v roce 1992 Turkansky dul vcetne upravny uzavren a definitivne zlikvidovan.
ENGLISH:
Any reliable sources about the beginning of silver mining in Kutna Hora have survived, some sources introduce the beginning
of the opencast mining at the end of the 10th century. At the beginning of the 90s of the 13th century new dicoveries
occured, information about an enormous riches were spreaded quickly into whole Europe and "the crowd to the cowl" began.
In the high Middle Ages, argentiferous veins in the region of Kutna Hora were the basic economical support of the Czech
Kingdom. Production from local deposits was in the 13th and 14th century up to 90% of silver mining in Czech countries and
belonged to the biggest in Europe. In the first half of the 14th century the annual production reached up to 5 - 6 tonnes
of silver, at about the end of the 14th century was the production up to 6 - 7 tonnes of silver and up to 50 - 100 tonnes of
copper. Continual progress into lower depths was displayed at the turn of the 14th and 15th century by decrease in mining
and simultaneously raising of the production costs. Following decline, which hit mainly the oldest and biggest mines, was
deepened because of the influence of Hussite´s wars. Larger restoration was done up to the second half of the 15th century,
when the mining works were moved to the north part of the Osel´s chain and especially on those poorer of silver, but
perceptibly larger KYZOVA deposits on the Old Czech´s and Turkansky´s chain in the area of Kank. The first half of the 16th
century was the second peak of the silver production in Kutna Hora. Obtained KYZY contain on avarage only up to 200 - 300
g/t Ag, in spite of this the annual obtaination of silver was about 1 up to 4 tonnes and 35 up to 60 tonnes of copper. In
the half of the 16th century the mining was carried on with bigger and bigger problems, which came from an extraction of
richer topmost parts and raising of the ore mining costs and drawing water from large depths. Imminent mining decline at
the second half of the 16th century was for a short time postponed by the discovery of a rich deposit on Benatecka vein.
Decline at the the turn of 16th and 17th century hit the whole area. Crizis began technically in the year 1616 because
every mining support was stopped and in the year 1625 Ferdinand II. gave an agreement to the definitive leaving from mines.
After the year 1620 the mining had only a small extent and was limited only on a testing prospecting. After more than 400
years of action, also the Royal Mint was transfered to Prague in the year 1726.
The accidental discovery of an argentiferous vein during the digging of the well on Skalka in the year 1773 brought a hope
of a restoration the mining fame of Kutna Hora. However, the vein gave only a little profit.
Last mining period began in the year 1939, when was expressed the interest in mining non-ferrous metals. In Kutna Hora
those were mainly zinc, copper, lead and antimony.
After war, in the year 1951 the mining development and flotative ore-dressing plant commenced on Kank. Untill the year 1991
it had been extracted about 2300 t of crude ore. To the Kank were transported for ore processing from other deposits in the
republic. During the whole time of working there had been in progress in the area mining, drilling, geophysical and
geochemical research, which brought new knowledge of general structure and deposits condition of the area.
At the end of the 80s the profitability of the factory had been lower and lower and because of that the Turkansky mine with
the plant was closed and once and for all liquidated in the year 1992.
Nevstupujte do otevrenych hornickych del, na dno propadlin a do mist, kde je to vyslovne zakazano !
Do not enter the open mining works, dipss´ bottoms and places where it is expressly forbidden!
Stola "Sv.Jiri" a Rovenske pasmo / St. Jiri´s adit and Rovenske chain
[KHD_1]
!!! POKUD BUDE CHYBET NEKTERA Z INFORMACNICH CEDULI, POTREBNE INFORMACE NALEZNETE NAPSANE FIXEM NA PLECHOVE DESCE !!!
STAGE 1 at 49°56.780N 15°15.888E
Prvni misto se naleza u usti stoly, ktera patri mezi nejzajimavejsi zachovale technicke pozustatky po kutnohorskem stredovekem dolovani. V soucasnosti je jeji priblizne 260m dlouha cast zpristupnena pro verejnost - stola je soucasti expozice Ceskeho muzea stribra v Kutne Hore ENG / GER .
First place is occured near the entrance to the adit, which is one of the most interesting preserved technical hangover from mediaeval mining in Kutna Hora. Today is its length about 260 m opened to the public - adit is the part of the exposition in the Czech Museum of Silver in Kutna Hora.
letopocet objeveni stoly Sv.Jiri / found the year of discovery the "Sv.Jiri" adit = ABCD
svetovy rekord svisle hloubky dolu v dobe predhusitske / found the world record of vertical deep of ore mine in the pre-Hussitian period = EFG m
Dalsi misto / next place: 49°56.Y2_N 15°16.X2_E
Y2 = C(D-E)F
X2 = (C-F)C(B-C)
STAGE 2
Toto misto se nachazi v jizni casti Rovenskeho pasma u haldy dolu Mlada kralice. I kdyz je toto pasmo (nazyvane tez Kralicke)
v jizni casti reviru po Oselskem nejvyznamejsi, po bansko-historicke strance je malo zname.
This place is occured in the northern part of the Rovensky chain near the heap from the mine Mlada kralice. Even though is this chain (also called Kralicke) in the nothern part of the area after Oselske the most important, the mining importance is not so known.
letopocet hloubeni jamy Rovina / found the year of sinking shaft Rovina = JKLM
pocet dolu v provozu v roce 1603 / found the number of ore mine in order in the 1603 year = ST
Umisteni cache / final cache: 49°56.Y3_N 15°16.X3_E
Y3 = (D-S)(B-T)(K-L+C)
X3 = (K-C)(L-M)(S+A)
- je umistena na jedne z hald na zemi, vsimejte si "kameni" na techto haldach (zajimave z mineralogickeho hlediska)
- is placed on the one of heap on the ground, look around for a stones on heaps (interesting of mineralogy view