Cul-de-sac Traditional Geocache
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Culs-de-sac have appeared in plans of towns and cities before the automotive 20th century, particularly in Arab and Moorish towns. The earliest example of cul-de-sac streets was unearthed in the El-Lahun workers village in Egypt, which was built circa 1885 BCE. The village is laid out with straight streets that intersect at right angles; akin to a grid, but irregular. The western part of the excavated village, where the workers lived, shows fifteen narrow and short dead-end streets laid out perpendicularly on either side of a wider, straight street; all terminate at the enclosing walls.
In urban planning culs-de-sac are created to limit through-traffic in residential areas. While some cul-de-sac streets provide no possible passage except in and out of their road entry, others allow cyclists, pedestrians or other non-automotive traffic to pass through connecting easements or paths.
This design improvement, which selectively excludes one mode of transport while permitting others, can be viewed as an example of “filtered permeability”. Its application retains the cul-de-sac’s primary function as a non-through road, but establishes complete pedestrian and bicycle network connectivity.
In traffic engineering parlance, the cul-de-sac defines the local street as having primarily an 'access' (to properties) function rather than as one having a 'transport' or 'through' function
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