Callander Volcanic Pipe EarthCache
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-- THIS IS AN EARTHCACHE, READ BELOW FOR LOGGING REQUIREMENTS --
The posted coordinates will take the rim of a long dead volcano. Feel free to dive right in!
About 1.3 Billion years ago a primeval continent slammed into the Canadian Shield. The slow impact collision caused various faults in the area, and caused the earths crust to fold upwards, lifting the earths mantle into a bulge. This impact was known as the Grenville Orogeny and produced such pretty things as the east coast, and the Appalachian mountains.
Anatomy of a volcanic pipe
Unlike most volcanoes, the Callander pipe is the result of a chemical reaction deep within the earth. "deep-origin" volcanoes result when magnesium rich magma interacts with water and carbon dioxide causing volatility of the molten rock. Deep-origin volcanoes such as this are born up to three times deeper then most other volcanoes. The magma is pushed through the layers of the crust towards the surface. As it rises the water and carbon dioxide turn into a high pressure gas and expand quicker, as well as corrode the above rock strata as it approaches the surface.
A violent supersonic eruption occurs when the pipe reaches the surface in much the same principle as a cork in a champagne bottle (but much larger, noisier and nastier). Because of the volatile nature of the magma, water and carbon dioxide.
Over the last billion years or so, things have cooled off, and the area has become more pleasant. The rocks have been crushed, torn, uplifted, eroded, heated, cooled, burnt, and gauged with glaciers over the years (and not necessarily in that order) turning this once amazing mountain range; as high as the himalayas, into the landscape before you.
Lake nippising itself has 3 volcanic pipes including this one, and the Manitou pipe (responsible for the Manitou islands). The area also has 5 named Batholiths (Exposed lava fields exceeding 100 square kilometers) such as the nearby Bonfield and Powasson Batholiths, and various Fault lines.
To Log this cache:
- Venture as close as you are willing to get to the volcanoes center (yes, this can just be the beach in Callander..) and take the water temperature with a thermometer, and a picture of your team (post with log)
- Drive somewhere else on Nippising lake and take the temperature with a thermometer. Feel free to include these answers in your log
- If there is more then 10 degrees difference in the water temperature.. evacuate!
- Email me the answer to the following: From the above description and a little internet research, does this seem like a "Lamproite pipe" or a "Kimberlite pipe"?
Winter Requirements:
As for many months of the year the lake is "unavailiable" to take water samples from, please attempt the following (after ensuring it is safe)
- Photograph your self and your crew standing on the centre of the volcano (approximately the centre of the bay)
- Email me the answer to the following: From the above description and a little internet research, does this seem like a "Lamproite pipe" or a "Kimberlite pipe"?
Click the logo to visit the COG website!
Additional Hints
(Decrypt)
Choyvp ornpurf ner n terng cynpr gb npprff gur ynxr