Strakapoud velky
Popis
Strakapoud velky dorusta 22–23 cm, v rozpeti kridel meri 34–39 cm a jeho hmotnost se pohybuje mezi 70–90 g. Stavbou tela je skvele prizpusoben zivotu na stromech. Jeho ctyri prsty, z nichz dva smeruji dopredu a dva dozadu, jsou opatreny zahnutymi drapy, ktere usnadňuji splhani a jeho tuha ocasni pera pri nem slouzi jako opora tela. K rozbijeni dreva ma velmi silny, zaspicately zobak s velmi dlouhym a citlivym, stihlym, plochym jazykem, ktery je na konci opatreny drsnou stetickou a ktery mu napomaha k ziskani koristi i ze spatne dostupnych mist. Diky jeho velmi silnym krcnim svalum je schopen do dreva narazet velkou rychlosti, proto ma i velmi silnou lebku, ktera chrani jeho mozek pred zpetnymi narazy. Svrchu je strakapoud velky prevazne cerny s vyraznymi bilymi znaky na kridlech v podobe velke skvrny na jejich vrchni casti a tenkych svetlych pruhu na letkach. Spodinu tela ma lehce nazloutlou, opereni na spodnich krovkach ocasnich oranzovo-cervene. Na bocni strane jinak svetle hlavy ma dva vyrazne, ve stredu spojene tmave pruhy.
Rozsireni
Strakapoud velky je siroce rozsireny splhavec. Jeho areal rozsireni pokryva celou Evropu s vyjimkou Islandu, severu Skandinavskeho poloostrova a Irska. Pocetne zasahuje take na asijsky kontinent, izolovane obyva i severozapad Afriky.
Potrava
Je vsezravy. V lete se v jeho potrave objevuji zejmena mali bezobratli zivocichove, vcetne mravencu, pavouku, stonozek, motylu, mur, drevokaznych skudcu (napr. kurovcu) a jejich larev, ale take semena a ruzne plody, obcas olizuje i mizu stromu. Pleni i hnizda jinych, v dutinach hnizdicich ptaku, jako jsou napr. sykory. K hnizdu se pritom nejcasteji dostava zvetsenim vletoveho otvoru, cemuz lze u hnizdnich budek zabranit jeho okovanim. V obdobi, kdy je zivocisne potravy vyrazny nedostatek (konec podzimu az zacatek jara), se v jeho potrave zveda podil plodu, zejmena bobuli, orechu a zaludu, ktere zarazi do sterbin mezi kurou stromu a pak je zobakem snadneji rozbiji. Takovato mista jsou nazyvana „kovadliny“ a strakapoudi se k nim pravidelne vraci. V zime se jedna take o casteho navstevnika krmitek, kde preferuje zejmena arasidy, slunecnicova semena a tuk. Pri ziskavani potravy zevnitr stromu vetsinou zacina shora a postupuje ze strany na stranu. V pripade, ze pod kurou zaznamena korist, tluce do kury svym silnym zobakem az do doby, nez se rozpadne, a ze sterbin se pote koristi zmocňuje svym dlouhym vymrstitelnym jazykem.
Rozmnozovani
Strakapoud velky pohlavne dospiva ve veku jednoho roku. Zacina hnizdit behem dubna a hnizdi az do srpna, a to jednou rocne. Hnizda si buduje zejmena v dutinach starych, hnijicich, rovnych stromu s mekkym drevem, minimalne 3 m nad zemi V prubehu let vytesa dutin mnohem vic, nez potrebuje. Ty jsou pote vyuzivany i jinymi zivocichy, napr. netopyry. Kazdy rok si pritom vytesava obvykle hnizdni dutinu novou. Dutiny maji kulaty, hladky vletovy otvor, ktery ma prumer asi 5 cm a na jejich hloubeni se podili oba partneri. Samice klade 4–7 kulatych, smetanove bilych, 20 x 27 mm velkych a 5,7 g vajec, na kterych sedi spolecne s partnerem po dobu 14–16 dnu. Samice pritom obvykle vykonava inkubaci pres den a samec pres noc. Mlaďata jsou po vylihnuti obema rodici krmena prevazne hmyzimi larvami, ve veku 7 dnu se jim jiz oteviraji oci, o dva dny pozdeji jim zacina rust kryci peri a od 12. dne je dospeli ptaci jiz prestavaji zcela zahrivat, ve vyssim veku nasledne vylezaji az k samemu konci dutiny a hlasite zebraji o potravu. Dutinu pak zcela opousti po 20–24 dnech. Uspesnost hnizdeni je velmi vysoka, u datlovitych obecne se jedna obvykle o vice jak 90 %. Zatim nejvetsi zaznamenany vek strakapouda velkeho byl 12 let a 8 mesicu.
Celou serii se snazime pomoci nasim ptacim kamaradum usnadnit jejich nelehky ptaci zivot zajistenim potravy pres zimu. Jednou z moznosti, jak ptakum pomoci je prave geokrmitko, ktere jsme spolecne vyrobili na nasich oddilovych schuzkach a umistili.
Proto Vas prosime, abyste s sebou vzali i nejakou vhodnou potravu do krmitka.
Co do krmitka patri:
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semena (slunecnice, proso, konopi, lnene seminko, repka)
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drcena jadra vlasskych a liskovych orechu
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v obchodech lze zakoupit primo specialni michane smesi pro krmeni ptaku
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na hacek umisteny na krmitku muzete zavesit luj nebo lojove koule
Co do krmitka rozhodne nepatri:
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zbytky z kuchyne
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slane potraviny
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prepaleny tuk
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zkazene potraviny
Odmenou Vam pak bude vesele ptaci prozpevovani.
Kdo chcete, muze si z kesky vzit letacek, z ktereho se dozvite zajimavosti nejen o prikrmovani ptaku, ale i o stavbe budek a krmitek. Pak si sami doma budete moct nejakou budku ci krmitko vyrobit a pozvat tak ptaky i k vam na zahradu.
Cestou od kese se pak muzete pokusit najit a popripade i vyfotit nejen strakapoudy, ale i dalsi stravniky.
Uspesny odlov preji Brontosauri z pardubickeho Brďa! http://brdo-pardubice.brontosaurus.cz/p>
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Welcome at Great spotted woodpecker
Welcome at the seconds stop of our bird series. All the caches were made by children attending children’s club BRDO Pardubice, which is part Hnuti Brontosaurus movement ( http://brdo-pardubice.brontosaurus.cz/). This cash will teach you about life of Eurasian nuthatch. When you go hunt for this cache, take some bird food with you, please. The reward for you will be stickers, bookmarks, fridge magnets or buttons - all with natural theme. Please, try to keep the theme of the cache during exchanging stuff. Thank you!
Great spotted woodpecker
Description
Great spotted woodpecker is 22–23 cm long, with 34 - 39 cm wingspan; his weight is between 70 - 90g. His body is perfectly adapted to life on trees. His four fingers, two heading onwards, two heading backwards, have hooked claws, which make climbing easier and firm tail feathers uses as support of the body. He uses very strong, pointed beak for breaking the wood. He has very long, sensitive, thin and flat tongue, which has small hard brush at the end. With this tongue, he is able to get the food even from the hardly reachable places. Because of his very strong neck muscles he is able to hit the trunk of the tree in a very high speed. His skull is also very robust, which protects his brain against back strike. He is mostly black, with bold white patterns on the wings. On the top, there are big white spot and thin white stripes on the wings. Bottom of his body is slightly yellowish; bottom of the tail feathers is orange-red. On the side of his light head are two thick black stripes.
Distribution
Great spotted woodpecker is wide-spread climber. He lives all over the Europe, except Iceland, northern parts of Scandinavian Peninsula and Ireland. Large numbers can be found also in Asia; and in isolated places in the Africa.
Feeding
He is omnivorous. In the summer he eats mainly small inveterate animals, including ants, spiders, millipedes, butterflies, moths, wood-destroying pests, but also seeds and various fruits, sometimes he also licks sap from the trees. He plunders nests of other birds, e.g. European blue tits. He gets to the nest by expansion of the hole. Bird boxes can be protected by nailing it. In the times, when there is great deficiency of food (from the end of the fall to the beginning of the spring) raises the amount of fruit he eats, mainly berries, nuts and acorns. He puts them into the cracks in the wood and then beats them with the beak. These places are called “anvils” and Great spotted woodpeckers are coming back to them frequently. In the winter they also visit bird feeders. He prefers peanuts, sunflower seeds and lard. When obtaining food from inside trees usually starts from the top and proceeds from side to side. In the case that under the bark finds food, Great spotted woodpecker beats into the bark with their strong beaks until it falls, and the slots are then prey empowers its long tongue.
Breeding
Great spotted woodpecker sexually mature at the age of one year. Nesting begins in April and nest until August, and it once a year. Great spotted woodpecker builds a nest in the hollows of the tees, especially the old, rotting, straight trees with soft wood, at least 3 m above the ground. Over the years, hew cavities much more than he needs. These are then used by other animals, e.g. bats. Each year, Great spotted woodpecker carves new hole every year. The hollows are round shaped, having a diameter of about 5 cm and on digging are involved both partners. The female lays 4-7 round, creamy white, 20 x 27 mm and 5.7 g of large Eggs on which sits together with a partner for 14-16 days. Females usually performs incubating during the day, whereas the male overnight. Young Great spotted woodpeckers are fed by their parents with insect larvae. After 7 days finally opens eyes, after another two days the feathers start growing, after 12 days, adult Great spotted woodpeckers stop warming them. The young cluster at the mouth of the hole and keep a continuous chatter when the parents are feeding them, but when alarmed slip back into the hole. They leave the nest after 20 - 24 days. Nesting success is very high, generally at woodpecker is usually more than 90%. So far, the greatest recorded age of great spotted woodpecker was 12 years and 8 months.
With the whole series we are trying to help to our bird friends with their uneasy life during winter by providing them food. One way, hot to help them is geo bird feeder, which we made together during our meetings.
So please, take some bird food with you when you go hunting for the cache.
What is good for the birds:
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seeds (sunflower, millet, hemp seeds, linseed, rape-seed)
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crushed walnuts and hazelnuts
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ready-made feeding mixtures are available on the market
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suet or balls of suet with seeds and nuts can be hung on the hook at the feeder
What will not do the birds good for sure:
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kitchen scraps
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salty food
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burnt fat from frying
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decayed food
The birds will reward you with merry singing and chirping. J
Leaflets are provided in the geocache for everyone who may be interested. Take one and read about bird feeding or how to make your own nest box or a feeder. The information will help you attract birds to your own garden or any favorite place where you would like to enjoy them.
On the way back, you may like to look for some of the nest boxes we placed all around, watch their inhabitants and perhaps make a photo of them.
Good hunt!
Yours Brontosaurus