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There is also
a series of spiritual, or
supernatural beliefs regarding
fortune. These beliefs vary widely from one to another, but most
agree that luck can be influenced through spiritual means by
performing certain rituals or by avoiding certain
circumstances.
One such
activity is Prayer, a religious practice in which this belief is
particularly strong. Many cultures and religions worldwide place a
strong emphasis on a person's ability to influence their fortune by
ritualistic means, sometimes involving sacrifice, omens or spells.
Others associate luck with a strong sense of superstition, that is,
a belief that certain taboo or blessed actions will influence how
fortune favors them for the future.
Carl Jung
described syncronicity: the "temporally coincident occurrences of
acausal events". He described coincidences as an effect of a
collective unconscious.
Judeo-Christian and Islamic
religions believe in the will of a supreme being rather than luck
as the primary influence in future events. The degrees of this
Divine Providence vary greatly from one to another; however, most
acknowledge providence as at least a partial, if not complete
influence on luck. These religions, in their early development,
accommodated many traditional practices. Each, at different times
accepted omens and practice forms of ritual sacrifice in order to
divine the will of their supreme being or to influence divine
favoritism.
Mesoamerican
religions, such as the Aztecs, Mayans and Inca, had particularly
strong beliefs regarding the relationship between rituals and luck.
In these cultures, human sacrifice (both of willing volunteers and
captured enemies) was seen as a way to please the gods and earn
favor for the city offering the sacrifice. The Mayans, also
believed in blood offerings, where men or women wanting to earn
favor with the gods, to bring about good luck, would cut themselves
and bleed on the gods altar.
Many
traditional African practices, such as voodoo and hoodoo, have a
strong belief in superstition. Some of these religions include a
belief that third parties can influence an individual's luck.
Shamans and witches are both respected yet feared based on their
ability to cause good or bad fortune for those in villages near
them. |