 No Paço do Terreiro [Lisboa]
A cache by Team Hulkman Hidden: 6/28/2007
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Português
A Praça do Comércio, mais conhecida por Terreiro do
Paço, é uma praça da Baixa de Lisboa situada
junto ao Rio Tejo, na zona que foi o local do palácio dos
reis de Portugal durante cerca de dois séculos.
Em 1511, o rei D. Manuel I transferiu
a sua residência do Castelo de São Jorge para este
sítio junto ao rio. Este palácio, bem como a sua
biblioteca de 70.000 volumes, foram destruídos pelo
terramoto de 1755. Na reconstrução, a praça
tornou-se no elemento fundamental do plano do Marquês de
Pombal. Os novos edifícios, com arcadas que circundam a
praça, foram ocupados por ministérios e
serviços públicos, com excepção do
famoso café Martinho da Arcada, um dos preferidos de
Fernando Pessoa.
Após a Revolução
de 1910 os edifícios foram pintados a cor-de-rosa
republicano. Contudo, voltaram recentemente à sua cor
original, o amarelo. O lado sul, com as suas duas torres quadradas,
está virado para o Tejo. Essa foi sempre a entrada nobre de
Lisboa e, nos degraus de mármore do Cais das Colunas, vindos
do rio, desembarcam chefes de estado e outras figuras de destaque
(como Isabel II de Inglaterra ou Gungunhana). Ainda é
possível experimentar essa impressionante entrada em Lisboa
nos cacilheiros, os barcos que ligam a cidade a Cacilhas. Hoje, o
espectáculo é prejudicado pelo trânsito na
Avenida da Ribeira das Naus, que corre ao longo da margem. No
centro da praça, vê-se a estátua equestre de D.
José I, erigida em 1775 por Machado de Castro, o principal
escultor português do século XVIII. Ao longo dos anos,
a estátua de bronze ganhou uma patina verde. No lado norte
da praça, encontra-se o Arco Triunfal da Rua Augusta,
é a entrada para a Baixa.
A 1 de Fevereiro de 1908, o rei D.
Carlos e seu filho Luís Filipe foram assassinados quando
passavam na praça. No dia 25 de Abril de 1974, a
praça assistiu à Revolta do Movimento das
Forças Armadas, que derrubou o governo de Marcello Caetano e
o Estado Novo, numa revolução sem derrame de sangue.
A área serviu como parque de estacionamento durante os anos
90, mas hoje este vasto espaço é usado para eventos
culturais e espectáculos.
English
The Praça do
Comércio Commerce Square) is located in the city of
Lisbon, Portugal. Situated near the Tagus river, the square is
still commonly known as Terreiro do Paço (Palace Square),
because it was the location of the Royal Ribeira Palace until it
was destroyed by the great 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. After the
earthquake, the square was completely remodelled as part of the
rebuilding of the Pombaline Downtown ordered by the Marquis of
Pombal.
History
Urban development of the banks of the
Tagus (the Ribeira) was given a definitive impulse in the early
1500s, when King Manuel I built a new royal residence - the Ribeira
Palace - by the river, outside the city walls. The area was further
developed with the building of a port, ship building facilities
(the Ribeira das Naus) and other administrative buildings that
regulated the commerce between Portugal and other parts of Europe
and its colonies in Africa, Asia and America.
Statue of King José I, by
Machado de Castro (1775). The King on his horse is symbolically
crushing snakes on his path.On November 1, 1755, during the reign
of King José I, a great earthquake followed by a tsunami and
fire destroyed most of Lisbon, including the Ribeira Palace and
other buildings by the river. José I's Prime Minister, the
Marquis of Pombal, coordinated a massive rebuilding effort in the
enlightened spirit of the time. The Royal Palace was not to be
rebuilt, and the square was given a regular, rational arrangement
in line with the reconstruction of the new Pombaline Downtown, the
Baixa.
The large square (170 m by 170m) in
front of the Ribeira Palace, called Terreiro do Paço (Palace
Square), was rebuilt following the symmetrical design of Portuguese
architect Eugénio dos Santos. He designed a large,
rectangular square in the shape of an "U", open towards the Tagus
river. The buildings have galleries on their groundfloors, and the
arms of the "U" end in two large towers, reminiscent of the
monumental tower of the destroyed Ribeira Palace, still vivid in
the architectonic memory of the city. His plan was realised almost
completely, although decorative details were changed and the east
tower of the square and the Augusta Street Arch were only finished
in the 19th century.
The square was named Praça do
Comércio, the Square of Commerce, to indicate its new
function in the economy of Lisbon. The symmetrical buildings of the
square were filled with government bureaus that regulated customs
and port activities. The main piece of the ensemble was the
equestrian statue of King José I, inaugurated in 1775 in the
centre of the square. This bronze statue, the first monumental
statue dedicated to a King in Lisbon, was designed by Joaquim
Machado de Castro, Portugal's foremost sculptor of the
time.
Opening towards the Augusta Street,
which links the square with the other tradicional Lisbon square,
the Rossio, the original project by Eugénio dos Santos
planned a triumphal arch, only realised in 1875. This arch, usually
called the Arco da Rua Augusta, was designed by Veríssimo da
Costa. It has a clock and statues of the Glory, Ingenuity and
Valour (by the French sculptor Camels) and those of Viriatus, Nuno
Álvares Pereira, Vasco da Gama and, of course, the Marquis
of Pombal.
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