Zaklad je postavljen z vednostjo društva Zeleni prstan. Cilj društva je ohraniti pomen, namen in videz Poti spominov in tovarištva za današnjo rabo in prihodnost.
English description / opis v angleščini
waypoints and logs / tocke poti in dnevniki
PROSIMO, NE UNIČUJTE NIČESAR V OKOLICI ZAKLADA PRI ISKANJU ŠKATLE. UPOŠTEVAJTE NAVODILA V NAMIGU (so v GeoChecku).
PRINESITE SVOJE PISALO.
(SI) Pot spominov in tovarištva je ena največjih ljubljanskih dragocenosti. Pot ima več imen: pogosto slišimo kar kratico PST, včasih »Zeleni prstan Ljubljane« ali »Pot ob žici« ali pa kar preprosto »Pot«. Ne glede na poimenovanje predstavlja sijajen stik mesta z okolico. Skozi vse leto se po njej sprehajajo prijazni ljudje s pasjimi prijatelji, zaljubljenci, rekreativci, vrtovčki, upokojenci in vsi, ki jim je pri srcu vsakdanja, drobna sreča. Vsako leto v začetku maja, ob obletnici osvoboditve Ljubljane, pa doživi najbolj množičen obisk s pohodom »Ob žici« ter zahtevnim, mednarodno uveljavljenim tekom trojk na 12,5 in 29 kilometrov. Pot, ki se je Ljubljančanom trdno zasidrala v srca, je nastala v spomin na žični obroč, s katerim je italijanska fašistična vojska leta 1942 mesto spremenila v največje koncentracijsko taborišče.
ZAČETEK VOJNE
slika 1:
A – Razdelitev Slovenije med Nemci, Italijani in Madžari v aprilu 1941;
B – Prikaz žičnega obroča okrog Ljubljane, kakršna je bila leta 1941 in kakršna je danes;
C – Italijanski načrt, domnevno narisan jeseni 1942 prikazuje potek žičnih ovir, položaj bunkerjev in tudi razdelitev mesta na sektorje.
Ob začetku 2. svetovne vojne so naše ozemlje okupirale Nemčija, Italija in Madžarska. Italija je zasedla južni del skupaj z Ljubljano in svoj kos poimenovala Ljubljanska pokrajina. Na čelo uprave so postavili visokega komisarja Emilia Graziolija, ki je sprva skušal pridobiti naklonjenost prebivalstva in čim prej vzpostaviti mirnodobno stanje. A Slovenci Italijanom niso verjeli. Upravičeno so predvidevali enako usodo kot je med obema vojnama doletela rojake na Primorskem, ki ga je Italija okupirala že po 1. svetovni vojni – nasilna italijanizacija in potujčevanje, če ne kaj hujšega. Zato so se kmalu pojavile različne vrste upora proti okupatorjem. Upor, pod vodstvom aktivistov Osvobodilne fronte se je vse bolj razraščal, partizanske enote v okolici Ljubljane pa so mesto uporabljale za svojo glavno oskrbovalno bazo. Tu so se zbirala oblačila in oprema, v mesto so tihotapili ranjence potrebne zdravniške oskrbe, iz njega pa zdravila in druge pripomočke.
UJETO MESTO
Ker običajne policijske metode niso bile učinkovite, je Musolini neomejena pooblastila za ukrepe v pokrajini predal generalu Mariu Robottiju, zagovorniku trde roke. Ta je 22.2.1942 izdal ukaz o izdelavi žičnega obroča, ki so ga v preprostejši obliki dokončali že naslednji dan. Hkrati so prepovedali prost prehod iz mesta in v mesto, ta je bil možen le na 11 označenih prehodih (kasneje 13). Ograjeno mesto so z uličnimi pregradami razdelili na več delov in jih po vrsti začeli sistematično »očiščevati«. Vse moške iz posameznega dela so odpeljali v vojašnice, kjer so odbrali osumljene sodelovanja z OF. Čakala jih je kruta usoda: koncentracijsko taborišče v Gonarsu ali na Rabu, ali pa so jih obdržali za talce. Od 24.4.1942 so talce zagrizeno streljali, kot povračilo za partizanske napade ali druga dejanja upornikov.
slika 2:
D – Po juliju 1942 so obroč pomaknili navzven in namesto ene postavili več vrst bodeče žice;
E – Cestni blok na Šmartinski cesti, eni od kontrolnih, vstopnih točk v mesto;
F – Mnoge, aretirane med »čiščenjem« sektorjev, so kasneje kot talce ustrelili v znak maščevanja zaradi uspešnih partizanskih akcij. Ta huda oblika terorja je med prebivalstvom le še podžigala sovraštvo do okupatorjev.
Delovanje partizanov in OF pa se je le še krepilo, zato so do konca decembra 1942 žični obroč premaknili približno 250 m navzven in ga močno utrdili. Namesto enojnih so namestili trojne ali četvorne žične ovire v širini 5 do 8 metrov, visoke 2 metra. Varovani pas skupaj s posekami je ponekod meril 80 metrov v širino, dolžina obroča pa je znašala 29.663 metrov. Na obroču so postavili najprej 53 bunkerjev ali utrjenih mest, kasneje še 73. Skupaj z bunkerji na strateških točkah v mestu jih je bilo kar 206. Za nadzor obroča je skrbelo 2000 vojakov, za nadzor prehodov pa še 500 policistov.
A vsi našteti ukrepi niso preprečili sodelovanja ljubljanskih aktivistov Osvobodilne fronte s partizanskim odporniškim gibanjem v okolici.
POT DO IZGRADNJE POTI
slika 3:
G– Na tej kopiji izvirnika italijanskega načrta je prikazana ureditev postojanke ob bloku na Tržaški cesti;
H – Takoj po osvoboditvi so se Ljubljančani podiranja bunkerjev lotili z navdušenjem;
I in J – Posnetka drugega pohoda leta 1958. Po fotografovem pričevanju je mož na sliki pohodnikom na lastno pobudo skuhal in ponudil lonec čaja.
Takoj po koncu vojne so žične ovire in skorajda vse objekte porušili. Večino dela so opravili meščani, ki so se uničevanja osovraženega obroča lotili z velikim navdušenjem. Ko so se najhujše v vojni povzročene bolečine pomalem umirile, se je porodila zamisel o preobrazbi nekdanje žične trase. Namesto nasilja naj jo zaznamuje svoboda, namesto sovraštva prijateljstvo. Prvi pohod po trasi žične zapore je bil organiziran 23.6.1957. V letu 1959 so na mestih prehodnih blokov ob mestnih vpadnicah postavili spominske obeliske po zamisli arhitekta Vlasta Kopača. V letih 1961-62 so vzdolž celotne trase obroča postavili 102 osmerokotna stebrička, na mestih večine nekdanjih bunkerjev. Vso traso obroča so leta 1968 spomeniško zaščitili, sledila pa je ideja o izgradnji peš poti po njej. Načrt za izdelavo 4 metre široke peščene poti, obdane z drevoredi, je bil predstavljen leta 1972, glavni avtor zamisli je bil Dimitrij Omersa. Pot dolžine 32,9 kilometrov so postopoma zgradili do leta 1985. Nastala je čudovita sprehajalna aleja, obdana s tisoči dreves v drevoredih. Grafično podobo poti je izdelal arhitekt Janez Koželj, najopaznejši element so informacijske table ter kovinski kažipoti , ki jih v naseljih nadomeščajo talne kovinske plošče.
slika 4: Informacijska tabla, oznaka Poti in osmerokotni stebri, ki so bili postavljeni vzdolž nekdanje žice.
POT JE NAŠA!
Po osamosvojitvi Slovenije, leta 1991, je del nove politične oblasti menil, da Pot predstavlja »vez s komunističnim režimom«. Za hip se je zazdelo, da je Pot, kot simbol odpora, treba »v imenu demokracije« čim prej stlačiti v pozabo. Velik del meščanov se s tem ni strinjal, Poti se niso želeli odreči zavoljo praznih izjav nekaterih politikov. V njeno obrambo je nastalo društvo »Zeleni prstan«, skupina državljanske pobude, ki je s prostovoljnim delom poskrbela za najnujnejša vzdrževalna opravila. Po več letih je končno tudi mestna oblast spoznala, da je Pot za Ljubljano in njeno povezanost z naravo preveč dragocena, da bi jo pustili propadati. Začelo se je novo obdobje, v katerem so državljani in ugledni mestni gostje počaščeni, če lahko ob delčku Poti zasadijo drevo. Zgledno vzdrževana Pot, pa je vsem meščanom in obiskovalcem vedno na razpolago za sproščeno preživljanje prostega časa.
Sprehodite se po Poti, raziskujte njene čare in jo tudi med iskanjem zakladov spoštujte!
slika 5:
L – Pohoda ob žici se vsako leto ob dnevu osvoboditve udeleži na tisoče pohodnikov;
M – PST je na večjem delu svoje trase resnično čudovita sprehajalna aleja obdana z dolgimi drevoredi;
N – Tek trojk je zahteven, še posebej na delu čez Golovec. A navdušenih udeležencev je vsako leto več.
Viri:
1. Utrjena Ljubljana - žični obroč okrog Ljubljane 1942-1945, Aleksander Jankovič Potočnik, Ad Pirum, zavod za intelektualne dejavnosti, Logatec, 2006,
2. Žica okrog Ljubljane, Aleksander Jankovič Potočnik, Ad Pirum, zavod za intelektualne dejavnosti, Logatec, 2012,
3. Najlepša pot - zeleni prstan Ljubljane, fotografije Joco Žnidaršič, uvod Matjaž Kmecl, besedilo Željko Kozinc, Veduta AŽ, Ljubljana 2012;
ODGOVORITE NA VPRAŠANJA:
Vse podatke najdete v opisu zaklada. Vsako vprašanje ima en pravilen odgovor. Dobljene vrednosti črk od A do L boste potrebovali za izračun končnih koordinat.
Kako so Italijani poimenovali okupirano slovensko ozemlje med 2. svetovno vojno?
(A = 85) Italijanska Slovenija
(A = 90) Slovenska pokrajina
(A = 95) Ljubljanska pokrajina
Kako je bilo ime visokemu komisarju Grazioliju?
B = število črk v imenu = ____
Komu je v začetku leta 1942 Mussolini predal neomejena pooblastila za izvajanje ukrepov v pokrajini?
(C = 9) Generalu Barbottiju
(C = 17) Generalu Robottiju
(C = 21) Generalu Rupniku
Kdaj je bil dograjen prvi žični obroč okoli mesta?
(D = 120) 23.2.1942
(D = 118) 22.2.1942
(D = 111) 21.2.1942
Dolžina žičnega obroča dodatno utrjenega do konca leta 1942 je bila (natančno, v metrih):
E = seštevek vseh številk dolžine izražene v metrih = ____
Koliko je bilo skupaj potrebnih vojakov in policistov za nadzor obroča in vstopnih mest?
(F = 94) 2500
(F = 90) 2000
(F = 93) 1500
Kdaj so pripravili prvi pohod po trasi žične zapore
G = seštevek vseh številk v datumu = ___
Koliko osmerokotnih stebrov so postavili na trasi obroča?
H = ___
Kdaj je bila spomeniško zaščitena vsa trasa bivšega žičnega obroča?
I = seštevek vseh številk v letnici = ___
Leto dokončanja gradnje peščene poti v sedanji obliki:
J = seštevek vseh številk v letnici = ___
Dolžina PST danes:
(K = 145) 34,5 km
(K = 181) 35,2 km
(K = 177) 32,9 km
Daljši tek trojk je dolg:
(L = 106) 21 km
(L = 112) 29 km
(L = 124) 42 km
KONČNE KOORDINATE:
N 46°02 (seštevek pravih vrednosti od A do F)
E 014°27 (seštevek pravih vrednosti od G do L + 500)
Dobljeni koordinati preverite v geocheckerju, kjer dobite tudi namig.
English description
PLEASE, DON'T DESTROY ANYTHING IN THE CACHE SURROUNDINGS WHILE SEARCHING FOR THE BOX. READ THE HINT (in the GeoCheck).
BRING YOUR OWN PEN.
(ENG) PST is Slovenian acronym for »The Path of Remembrance and Comradeship«. The Path has many names: you can often hear just the acronym – PST, sometimes »The green ring« or »Path Round the wire«, or simply »The Path«. Regardless of name, it represents a unique connection of the city with nature. It is visited all year round by nice people walking dogs, lovers, joggers, kindergarten-children, seniors, and everybody who love simple everyday happiness. Every year in the beginning of May, on the Ljubljana liberation day, thousands of people join the march along »The ring of wire«, and challenging, internationally renown »Troika run« - 12,5 and 29 km long. The Path really is citizen's favourite »living room« today. It has been built along the route of »The ring of wire«, which Italian Fascist army constructed in 1942 and turned Ljubljana into the largest concentration camp.
BEGINNING OF WWII
figure 1:
A – Map depicting partition of Slovenia (then a part of Yugoslavia) between Germany, Italy and Hungary in April 1941;
B – Map depicting the wire ring around Ljubljana; You can see, the city has spilled across the line of wire after the war;
C – Italian plan, supposedly drawn in autumn 1942 depicts wire ring track, position ob bunkers and also the division of the city in sectors.
At the beginning of the WWII Slovenian territory has been split between Germans, Italians and Hungarians. Italy occupied southern part, including capital Ljubljana, and named the territory »Provincia di Lubiana«. Italian authorities, under the civil commander, High Commissioner Emilio Grazioli, tried to create the atmosphere of normality at first. However, the experience of the Littoral part of Slovenia that had been under the Italian rule since 1918, led the population to believe that forced Italianisation would soon follow. A resistance movement was established and led by the underground Liberation Front activists. It soon caused serious troubles in the city to Italians, while Slovene Partisans from the surrounding countryside used Ljubljana as their main supply base. Clothing and equipment has been gathered here, wounded in the need of medical care have been smuggled in the city, medicines and other tools went the other way.
CITY TRAPED IN THE WIRE
Since ordinary police measures proved to be ineffective, Mussolini granted an unlimited authority to provincial military chief, hard-line general Mario Robotti. On the 22nd February 1942 general Robotti ordered the city to be encircled by a ring of barbed wire. Work has been completed the next day – a simple single fence protected at crucial points. At the same time Grazioli prohibited all free movement in and out of the city. Passage was possible only with special premits at 11 checkpoints (later 13). Barriers have been placed in the streets to divide city in sectors. One by one sectors have been systematically »cleansed«. All the men inside one sector would be rounded up and taken to military barracks where local collaborators would point out suspected rebellion sympathisers. A cruel destiny awaited them: some have been deported to one of the concentration camps in Gonars or Rab Island, others kept in prison as hostages. Prom 24th April 1942 hostages have been mercilessly executed as retribution for successful partisan actions.
figure 2:
D – After July 1942 the wire ring was moved outwards, and multiple lines of barbed wire were set instead of one;
E – The road block at Šmartinska cesta, the road leading eastward – one of the checkpoints on the ring;
F – Many of the arrested men have been later shot as a revenge for the growing number of successful actions of partisan units. This harsh terror measures only deepened the hatred towards occupying Italians.
Despite these measures Liberation Front activities have not been curtailed, and partisans outside the city have been successful too. Italians have constructed a new wire circle, about 250 m further form the original line. The new line has been no longer just a barbed wire fence but a proper line of defence, composited of triple or quadruple rows of barbed wire, 5 to 8 metres wide and 2 m high. The ring has been 29.663 metres long and fortified by 53 machine-gun positions, later by 73 additional. 2000 soldiers were needed to patrol it and 500 policemen manned the entry checkpoints.
But 30 kilometres of barbed wire has not prevented communication between the city's underground Liberation Front activists and the majority of Slovene Partisans in the surrounding countryside!
STEPS TO »THE PATH« CONSTRUCTION
figure 3:
G – Copy of Italian plan for the checkpoint at Vič;
H – Immediately after the war, Ljubljana citizens enthusiastically helped to demolish bunkers;
I and J – Two photos of the second march along the former wire ring in 1958. This man offered some tea to the marchers at his own initiative.
Almost immediately after the end of the war, the ring has been torn down by eager citizens. Everybody simply wanted to get rid of the hated symbol of occupation. When the worst war-inflicted sorrows and pain slowly healed, an idea to transform the former ring of wire route has been born. Instead of violence there should be freedom, friendship instead of hatred. The first march along the ring of wire route was organised on 23rd Jun 1957. In 1959 memorial obelisks, designed by architect Vlasto Kovač, were erected at locations of former checkpoint blocks on main entry roads. 102 octagonal pillars, donated by different companies marked the entire trail during 1961 and 1962. The complete wire-ring trail was designated as a monument in 1968, and in 1972 the project for the construction of the 4 metres wide gravel walk-way lined with trees has been presented. Trail in the length of 32,9 kilometres has been built section by section until the completion in 1985. The result is a beautiful walk-way, lined with thousands of trees. Architect Janez Koželj designed the visual identity, which we can still see today: most visible elements are info-boards, and metal signposts - replaced with metal ground markers in the most built-up areas.
figure 4: Info-board, Signpost of the Path, and octagonal pillars erected along the former wire track.
CITIZENS CLAIM »THE PATH«
When Slovenia gained independence in 1991, a part of new political elite considered The Path »a relic of the past communist regime«. It seemed, for a moment, that The Path, as a symbol of people's rebellion should be forgotten in the name of the new »democracy«. But many Ljubljana citizens did not agree! People resolved to defend The Path established »The green ring society«. Volunteers have taken care of the essential repairs and The Path maintenance. A few years later also the city Council finally realized that The Path is vital for the city's connection to the nature, and unique ring of parkland too precious to be left to decay. Nowdays eminent guests and citizens are honoured when invited to plant a tree at the side of The Path. And people decided The Path is their favourite recreational area, always there for happy free time moments.
Come, walk along The Path, find its charms, and please, show respect to this green monument while searching for caches!
figure 5:
L – The march along the wire attracts thousands of people every May to celebrate Ljubljana Liberation day;
M – Many kilometres of PST really is a beautiful alley, shaded by thousands of trees;
N – The »Troika run« is demanding, especially at the stretch crossing Golovec hill. But enthusiastic runners are more numerous every year.
References:
1. The Wire Ring of Ljubljana - Fortifications Around Ljubljana 1942-1945, Aleksander Jankovič Potočnik, Ad Pirum, zavod za intelektualne dejavnosti, Logatec, 2006,
2. Žica okrog Ljubljane, Aleksander Jankovič Potočnik, Ad Pirum, zavod za intelektualne dejavnosti, Logatec, 2012,
3. Najlepša pot - zeleni prstan Ljubljane, photography Joco Žnidaršič, introduction Matjaž Kmecl, text Željko Kozinc, Veduta AŽ, Ljubljana 2012;
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
You can find all the needed information in the cache description. Every question has only one correct answer. Values from A to L are needed to calculate final coordinates.
What was the Italian name for their Slovenian occupied territory in WWII?
(A = 85) Slovenia Italiana
(A = 90) Provinzia di Slovenia
(A = 95) Provinzia di Lubiana
What was the first name of High Commissioner Grazioli?
B = number of letters in his name = ____
Who has been given unlimited authority in the province in the beginning of 1942 by Mussolini?
(C = 9) General Barbotti
(C = 17) General Robotti
(C = 21) General Rupnik
The first ring of wire encircling Ljubljana was finished on:
(D = 120) 23rd February 1942
(D = 118) 22nd February 1942
(D = 111) 21st February 1942
The length of completed Ring of wire at the end of 1942 was (exactly, in metres):
E = sum of all five digits = ____
How many soldiers and policemen have been needed to control the ring and entrance checkpoints?
(F = 94) 2500
(F = 90) 2000
(F = 93) 1500
The date of the first march along the ring of wire route:
G = sum of all digits in the date (month also written with number!) = ___
How many octagonal columns have been set at the ring of wire track?
H = ___
The year when complete wire ring trail has been designated as a monument:
I = sum of all digits in the year = ___
The year of completion of the Path in its present form:
J = sum of all digits in the year = ___
Length of PST today:
(K = 145) 34,5 km
(K = 181) 35,2 km
(K = 177) 32,9 km
Length of longer version of »Troika run«:
(L = 106) 21 km
(L = 112) 29 km
(L = 124) 42 km
FINAL COORDINATES:
N 46°02 (sum of all correct numbers from A to F)
E 014°27 (sum of all correct numbers from G to L + 500)
Check the result with GeoCheck. You get a hint there too.
waypoints and logs / tocke poti in dnevniki