> A Geyser in the south of Berry! <
Three mining operations are intertwined on the hills above Chaillac: the Rossignol mine, which extracted fluorite (CaF₂) underground, the headframes of which still remain; and the Redoutières and Raillerie quarries, open-pit mines, where barite (BaSO₄) was extracted. The fluorite deposit is referred to as a mine, not a quarry, because it is underground, but because this mineral is subject to mining concessions and has been governed by the mining code since the 1960s. While industrial exploitation of these deposits dates back to the 1970s, evidence of mining of the ferruginous sandstone layer is believed to date back to antiquity. These iron ores were smelted in bloomery furnaces at Oulches.
These deposits have been extensively studied by researchers, leading to several proposed hypotheses regarding their formation. The deposit was formed around 203 million years ago, during the Hettangian age. Palynological studies reveal that the region had a tropical climate with infrequent but intense rainfall. Numerous earthquakes shook the area, along faults oriented east-west and north-south. These faults channeled hot hydrothermal fluids from the crust, which was rich in dissolved salts (Ba, F). In this context, the waters emerged at the surface, rising in the active Rossignol fault, which gradually sealed itself through the crystallization of fluorite and barite, forming the deposits. It is likely that the release of these hot, pressurized waters created a kind of geyser.
Moreover, at the same time, many deposits of this type were formed around the Massif Central (Morvan, Haute-Loire, Tarn, Marche) proving the existence of an intense episode of hydro-thermalism with fluorite - barite in Western Europe.