Bead-Camp Holland Striped Glass Rectangle TB

I maintain records on my trackables. They have the goal to circulate more than five years and to be moved by at least 25 cachers. That is a target rate of five drops per year for five years, or a drop every 73 days. The average drop rate of my trackables in the US is 124 days, in Europe it is 71 days. As of 23-Nov-23 this trackable had survived for 6.4 years and has been moved by only 3 cachers, for an average drop every 777 days, or one drop every 2.1 years. Please keep it moving, then drop it in a safe place!

No permission is needed to leave the U.S. While in the U.S., please drop it at an event, in a Premium Member only OR a rural cache near a busy trail or road. Do not place it in an urban, non-premium cache. Transport the bug in the original plastic bag for as long as the bag lasts; the bag keeps the trackable clean and dry, protects the number and prevents tangling with other items. Otherwise, take the trackable anywhere you wish.

This is one of a series of large beads obtained from different places and converted into travel bugs.  They are named for Texas towns with interesting names or histories.  Much of the text is from the online Handbook of Texas or texasescapes.com.

Vieja Pass is in the Sierra Vieja is on private land twelve miles west of Valentine in the Sierra Vieja in Presidio County.   The Pass is historically an avenue of traffic between the Rio Grande and Mexico to the west and the US interior to the east.  ZH Canyon (the entrance to the Pass) has a good supply of water and grass.  In 1880, the pass was the scene of the last Apache attack in Presidio County; on that day four Pueblo Indian scouts and Lt. Frank H. Mills of the Twenty-fourth United States Infantry fought off twenty Apaches.  
 
Camp Holland (sometimes called Fort Holland)  is at the entrance to ZH Canyon.  It was constructed in 1918 at the mouth of ZH Canyon after raids on the Brite and Neville ranches by Mexican bandits.  The location effectively blockaded Viejo Pass.  The buildings of the camp were made of stone and wood.
 
Although soldiers seldom lived there, Camp Holland had two barracks that could house up to 400 men, four officers' houses, a mess hall, and a guardhouse. The soldiers' everyday needs were met by a bakery, a corral, a blacksmith shop, and a quartermaster store. Since the area afforded a good supply of springwater, the camp had a sewer system and a shower house. However, by 1921 the army began phasing out border patrols in Presidio County.  Camp Holland was closed and leased to civilians including Texas Rangers and customs and immigration border patrols.  Many of the deserted buildings are still standing today.

The writer conducted research in the canyon in the 1960s and 70s.  There were many occasions, night and day, when he and illegal aliens surprised each other.  And, as an aside, there is no other location in Texas where so many bat species (15) may be observed.