It is time for a
puzzle cache that everyone with a bit of logic can complete. There
are some that deifies the ability to be solved. You never know if
you have it right. You worry about trespassing because there are
too many possibilities and no way to be sure with out asking. You
will absolutely know where to go when you solve this puzzle because
I have hidden the coordinates on this page. You don't need to
figure out how to take random data to manipulate the coordinates.
The clues are here. All computers will allow you to find your
answer. You will need to know a little about how the internet
works. And now for it's history.
1957
The USSR launches Sputnik, the first
artificial earth satellite. In response, the United States forms
the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department
of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology
applicable to the military.
1968
RAND Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a
government agency), was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a
study on how it could maintain its command and control over its
missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. This was to be a
military research network that could survive a nuclear strike,
decentralized so that if any locations (cities) in the U.S. were
attacked, the military could still have control of nuclear arms for
a counter-attack.
Baran's finished document described several ways to accomplish
this. His final proposal was a packet switched network.
"Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or
packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination
of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one
computer to another computer until the information arrives at its
final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of
a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the
message can be resent by the
1968
ARPA awarded the ARPANET
contract to BBN. BBN had selected a Honeywell minicomputer as the
base on which they would build the switch. The physical network was
constructed in 1969, linking four nodes: University of California
at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at
Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. The network was wired
together via 50 Kbps
1972
The first e-mail program
was created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN.
The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was renamed The
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (or DARPA)
ARPANET was currently using the Network Control Protocol or NCP to
transfer data. This allowed communications between hosts running on
the same network.
1973
Development began on the
protocol later to be called TCP/IP, it was developed by a group
headed by Vinton Cerf from Stanford and Bob Kahn from DARPA. This
new protocol was to allow diverse computer networks to interconnect
and communicate with each other.
1974
First Use of term Internet
by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in paper on Transmission Control
Protocol.
1976
Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe
develops Ethernet, which allowed coaxial cable to move data
extremely fast. This was a crucial component to the development of
LANs.
The packet satellite project went into practical use. SATNET,
Atlantic packet Satellite network, was born. This network linked
the United States with Europe. Surprisingly, it used INTELSAT
satellites that were owned by a consortium of countries and not
exclusively the United States government.
UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and
distributed with UNIX one year later.
The Department of Defense began to experiment with the TCP/IP
protocol and soon decided to require it for use on ARPANET.
1979
USENET (the decentralized
news group network) was created by Steve Bellovin, a graduate
student at University of North Carolina, and programmers Tom
Truscott and Jim Ellis. It was based on UUCP.
The Creation of BITNET, by IBM, "Because its Time Network",
introduced the "store and forward" network. It was used for email
and listservs
1981
National Science Foundation
created backbone called CSNET 56 Kbps network for institutions
without access to ARPANET. Vinton Cerf proposed a plan for an
inter-network connection between CSNET and the ARPANET
1983
Internet Activities Board
(IAB) was created in 1983.
On January 1st, every machine connected to ARPANET had to use
TCP/IP. TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP
entirely.
The University of Wisconsin created Domain Name System (DNS). This
allowed packets to be directed to a domain name, which would be
translated by the server database into the corresponding IP number.
This made it much easier for people to access other servers,
because they no longer had to remember numbers.
1984
The ARPANET was divided into two networks:
MILNET and ARPANET. MILNET was to serve the needs of the military
and ARPANET to support the advanced research component, Department
of Defense continued to support both networks.
Upgrade to CSNET was contracted to MCI. New circuits would be T1
lines,1.5 Mbps which is twenty-five times faster than the old 56
Kbps lines. IBM would provide advanced routers and Merit would
manage the network. New network was to be called NSFNET (National
Science Foundation Network), and old lines were to remain called
CSNET.
1985
The National Science
Foundation began deploying its new T1 lines, which would be
finished by 1988
1986
The Internet Engineering
Task Force or IETF was created to serve as a forum for technical
coordination by contractors for DARPA working on ARPANET, US
Defense Data Network (DDN), and the Internet core gateway
system.
1987
BITNET and CSNET merged to
form the Corporation for Research and Educational Networking
(CREN), another work of the National Science Foundation
1988
Soon after the completion
of the T1 NSFNET backbone, traffic increased so quickly that plans
immediately began on upgrading the network again
1990
(Updated 8/2001) Merit, IBM and MCI formed a not for profit
corporation called ANS, Advanced Network & Services, which was
to conduct research into high speed networking. It soon came up
with the concept of the T3, a 45 Mbps line. NSF quickly adopted the
new network and by the end of 1991 all of its sites were connected
by this new backbone.
While the T3 lines were being constructed, the Department of
Defense disbanded the ARPANET and it was replaced by the NSFNET
backbone. The original 50Kbs lines of ARPANET were taken out of
service.
Tim Berners-Lee and CERN in Geneva implements a
hypertext system to provide efficient information
access to the members of the international high-energy physics
community.
1991
CSNET (which consisted of 56Kbps lines) was
discontinued having fulfilled its important early role in the
provision of academic networking service. A key feature of CREN is
that its operational costs are fully met through dues paid by its
member organizations.
The NSF established a new network, named NREN, the National
Research and Education Network. The purpose of this network is to
conduct high speed networking research. It was not to be used as a
commercial network, nor was it to be used to send a lot of the data
that the Internet now transfers.
1992Internet Society is
chartered.
World-Wide Web released by CERN.
NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps)
1993
InterNIC created by NSF to
provide specific Internet services: directory and database services
(by AT&T), registration services (by Network Solutions Inc.),
and information services (by General Atomics/CERFnet).
Marc Andreessen and NCSA and the University of Illinois develops a
graphical user
1994
No major changes were made
to the physical network. The most significant thing that happened
was the growth. Many new networks were added to the NSF backbone.
Hundreds of thousands of new hosts were added to the INTERNET
during this time period.
Pizza Hut offers pizza ordering on its Web page.
First Virtual, the first cyberbank, opens.
ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode, 145Mbps) backbone is installed
on NSFNET
1995
The National Science
Foundation announced that as of April 30, 1995 it would no longer
allow direct access to the NSF backbone. The National Science
Foundation contracted with four companies that would be providers
of access to the NSF backbone (Merit). These companies would then
sell connections to groups, organizations, and companies.
$50 annual fee is imposed on domains, excluding .edu and .gov
domains which are still funded by the National Science
Foundation.
1996
Most Internet traffic is carried by backbones
of independent ISPs, including MCI, AT&T, Sprint, UUnet, BBN
planet, ANS, and more.
Currently the Internet Society, the group that controls the
INTERNET, is trying to figure out new TCP/IP to be able to have
billions of addresses, rather than the limited system of today. The
problem that has arisen is that it is not known how both the old
and the new addressing systems will be able to work at the same
time during a transition period.
This is a 5 Meg Hard Disk
in 1956. In September 1956 IBM launched
the 305 RAMAC, the first computer with a hard disk drive (HDD). The
HDD weighed over a ton and stored 5MB of data.
Start appreciating your 4 GB memory stick! I have packed the cache
with some cool swag for us big kids. FTF take your
pick