Tiesnavami na Sokolie / From Tiesnavy to Sokolie EarthCache

Sokolie (1 172 m n.m.) je vrch a pomenovanie casti horskeho hrebena v Krivanskej Malej Fatre (Narodny park Mala Fatra), v Narodnej prirodnej rezervacii Tiesnavy. Pre pristup odporucam modru turisticku znacku z Tiesnav na Male noclahy a dalej po zltej na hreben a vrchol Sokolia. Hoci z jazykovedneho hladiska nazov vrchu odkazuje na sokola, blizsie sa zameriame na ineho zastupcu zivocisnej rise – druhu dravce – orla skalneho, ktoreho hniezdiska sa v Tiesanvach nachadzaju.

Uzemie NPR Tiesnavy tvoria sedimenty chocskeho prikrovu, na severnej strane ciastocne prekryteho bazalnymi sedimentami paleogenu. Prave dolomity chockeho prikrovu a vapence utvorili priestor pre bohate zastupenie prirodnych javov a vznik vezi, bral ci stlpov bizarnych tvarov. Okrem povrchovych javov si pozornost zasluzia i krasove javy reprezentovane mensimi jaskynkami.

Vymera NPR Tiesnavy je 479,21 ha a bola zriadena v roku 1967 (novelizovana v roku 1986) na ochranu zachovalych biocenoz s bohatym vyskytom chranenych a ohrozenych druhov rastlin a zivocichov, ak aj vyznamnych tvarov reliefu (Mnich, Pat furmanov a dalsie).

Na okraji tiesnavy smerom k Terchovej je sled vrstiev chocskeho prikrovu ukonceny tektonickou brekciou z dolomitu, ktora vznikla pri horotvorných pohyboch a usadeninami paleogenu - najma karbonatickymi zlepencami sulovskeho typu, ako aj slienitymi numulitovymi vapencami.

Morfologicka tvarnost uzemia je dana jednak typmi hornin, tektonickou poziciou (zretelny je najma rozdielny morfologicky charakter doliny vymodelovanej v maloodolnych horninach kriznianskeho prikrovu voci pevnym dolomitom a vapencom chocskeho prikrovu), rozpukanim masivu, ako aj narezanim dravou rieckou. Medzi desiatkami posobivych, ludom pomenovanych javov celkom osobity je priklad Mnicha, tvaru, ktory vznikol procesmi selektivneho zvetravania na okraji dolomitového skalneho brala, s dvoma nad sebou utvorenymi skalnymi oknami.

Pokial ide o vzacnych zastupcov fauny, turistom nepristupna Obsivanka - dolina, ktora tvori cast Tiesnav, je hniezdiskom orla skalneho (lat. Aquila chrysaetos) . Orol skalny je dravec z celade jastrabovitych. Patri medzi ohrozene druhy a je zakonom prisne chraneny. Ako na Slovensku, tak aj v strednej Europe je orol skalny zriedkavym druhom. Pocetnost europskej populacie je okolo 5500 parov, na Slovensku ornitologovia monitoruju asi 100 parov a celkova pocetnost populaciue sa odhaduje na 200 - 250 jedincov. Hlavnymi uzemiami s vyskytom orla sklaneho su hlavne horske oblasti Karpat od nadmorskej vysky 800 m – Mala a Velka Fatra, Orava, Chocske vrchy, Zapadne,Vysoke a Belianske Tatry, Nizke Tatry, Slovenske Rudohorie, Pieniny, Levocske vrchy, Muranska planina, Cergov ci Spisska Magura.

        

Ako sa dozviete aj na krasne spracovanej stranke www.orolskalny.sk, orol skalny uprednostnuje rozsiahle lesne komplexy s horskymi lukami a pasienkami. Na hniezdenie vyuziva tazko dostupne tereny v clovekom malo rusenych oblastiach. Okolo 50% hniezd na Slovensku sa nachadza na jedliach, zriedkavejsie na smrekoch, boroviciach, smrekovcoch a bukoch. Hniezda su budovane obycajne sa starych stromoch vo veku viac ako 100 rokov. V ich najblizsom okoli sa spravidla nachadzaju suche stromy, ktore orly vyuzivaju na odpocinok a nocovanie. Hniezdo pritom moze byt vysoke aj 3 a pol metra s priemerom vyse 2 metre. Na ich stavbu pouzivaju suche konare, ktore si poodlamuju tak, ze na ne z vysky prudko dosadnu, alebo ich zbieraju na zemi. Dozivaju sa 15 az 30 rokov, dolozeny vek jedincov chovanych v zajati je az 55 rokov.

Orol skalny sa zivi predovsetkym cicavcami (kunami, lasicami, zajacmi, mladatami lisky, srncatami, kamzicatami, svistami a pod.) a vtakmi (kurovitymi a krkavcovitymi vtakmi, mysiakmi lesnymi, sokolmi mysiarmi a sovami), obcas lovi hady a zaby. V zimnych mesiacoch su hlavnou castou jeho potravy zdochliny, cim plni dolezitu sanitarnu funkciu. Pri utoku strmhlavym letom dosahuju rychlost az 150 km/h.

Nadhernym divadlom su svadobne lety orla skalneho: samec a samica spolocne kruzia v obrovskych vyskach, po com sa nahle spustaju strmhlav k zemi a opat stupaju hore. Akrobaticke kusky predvadzaju pary, ked sa vzjomne chytia pazurmi a s napoly roztiahnutymi kridlami sa tocia okolo svojej osi a sucasne klesaju k zemi (cim pripominaju let semienok javorov). Samec sa predvadza „hojdackami“ ci „flopingovym letom“, kedy orol vo vodorovnom smere robi osmicky, pricom v jednej faze leti chrbtom obrateny k zemi.

Symbolika orla sa nesie dejinami ludstva uz niekolko tisicroci – bol symbolom starovekeho Rima, Ruskeho carstva a tiez Rakusko-uhorskeho cisarstva.

Na to, aby ste mohli zalogovat najdenie tejto skryse, by ste mali:

• k logu dolozit svoju fotografiu z vrcholu Sokolia (s vrcholovou turistickou tabulkou resp. tyckou, kedze tabulka zmizla)
• poslat autorovi skryse spravu cez geocaching.com s odpovedou na nasledovnu otazku: Napiste nazov alebo opiste skalny utvar (motiv exotickeho zvierata), vyrazny prvok v krajine, ktory mozete zretelne vidiet cestou z Tiesnav na Sokolie po lavej strane.

[EN]

Sokolie (1 172 m.a.s.l.) is a peak and name of a part of mountain range in Krivanska Mala Fatra (National park Mala Fatra), in Wilderness Area Tiesnavy (WA Tiesnavy). I recommend you to use blue tourist sign from Tiesnavy to Male noclahy and further on yellow sign to ridge and peak of Sokolie. Although linguistic view of the name of the peak would lead us to falcon, we will focus our attention to other representative of animal kingdom – species predators – golden eagle, whose breeding places can be found in Tiesnavy.

Territory of WA Tiesnavy comprises of Choc-nappe sediments, partly overlapped by basal sediments of the Paleogene on the north side. Dolomites of Choc-nappe and calcite create the frame for rich occurrence of natural attractions and creation of bizarre-shaped towers, cliffs and columns. Besides superficial occurrences, we should draw attention also to karstic appearances represented by small caves.

Area of WA Tiesnavy covers 479,21 ha and was established in 1967 (amended in 1986) with the aim of preservation of biocenosis with rich occurrence of protected and endangered animal and vegetal species, as well as significant relief figures (so called Monk, Five Draymen and other).

At the border of the gulley in the direction of Terchova there is sequence of segments of Choc-nappe ending with tectonic breccia of dolomite, which arose during orogenic movements and thanks to sediments of the Paleogene – mainly carbonatic pudding-stones of Sulov-type, as well as marly numulit calcites.

Morphological plasticity of the area is determined by types of rocks, tectonic position (we can makl different morphologic character of the valley created in weakly weatherproof rocks of Kriznany-nappe when compared to steady dolomites and calcites of Choc-nappe), splitting of rock massive, as well as river carve. Among tenths of impressive occurrences, often named by the folks, there is one of special significance – the Monk, the shape of which was formed by processes of selective weathering on the edge of dolomite rocky cliff, with two ”windows” in the rock one above the other.

When talking about rare animal species, there is a valley forming part of Tiesnavy (not opened for tourists) - Obsivanka, is breeding place of Golden Eagle (Latin Aquila chrysaetos). Golden Eagle is predator of the hawk family. It belongs to the endangered species and is strictly protected by the law. It is rare kind of bird in Slovakia, as well as in the whole Central Europe. In the Europe, there are about 5500 pairs, in the Slovakia ornithologists monitor about 100 pairs and the total number of population is estimated to be 200 - 250 ones. The main areas with occurrence of golden eagle are in particular mountain areas of Karpaty with altitude from 800 meters – Mala a Velka Fatra, Orava, Chocske vrchy, Zapadne,Vysoke and Belianske Tatry, Nizke Tatry, Slovenske Rudohorie, Pieniny, Levocske vrchy, Muranska planina, Cergov or Spisska Magura.

As you can see on www.orolskalny.sk, golden eagle prefers vast forest complexes and mountain meadows. It uses terrains with difficult access in areas not disrupted by humans for creation of nests. About 50% nests in Slovakia are situated on fir trees, rarely on spruce trees, pine trees, larch trees and European beeches. Nests are usually being built on old ones having more than 100 years. In the nearest surroundings there are usually dry trees used by eagles for rest and spending the night. Nest can be even 3 meters tall with 2 meters in diameter. For their creation eagles use dry branches, which are snapped off by eagle when it swiftly jumps down from above or which are gathered from the ground. Eagles live from 15 to 30 years, but there are documented 55-year old ones kept in captivity.

Golden eagle feeds on mainly mammals (pecans, weasels, rabbits, young foxes, young roe does, chamois, marmots and the like) and birds (gallinaceous and Corvidae Family birds, falcons and owls), occasionally it hunts also snakes and frogs. Significant parts of its food in winter time represent carrions, by which it fulfills important sanitarian function. When hunting from above by nosedive, it reaches up to 150 km/h.

Wedding flights of golden eagle can be a wonderful show: male and female are circling together in great height to suddenly take a nosedive and then again fly upwards. Acrobatic masterpieces can be seen when pairs are trapped to each other with claws and are rotating around their axis with almost spread wings and are sliding to the ground (evoking flight of maple seeds). Male shows off with swinging or so-called flopping flight, when it figures eights in the horizontal direction, in one phase flying with its back upside-down.

Symbolism of eagle leaves a trace in history of mankind for long millenniums – it was symbol of ancient Rome, Russian Czardom or Austro-Hungarian Empire.

To log a “Found” log for this earthcache, you should do following steps:

• attach to log your photo made on the top of the Sokolie Peak (with peak tourist sign or stick as the sign is currently missing),
• send a message to the author of the earthcache using geocaching.com and answer the question: What is the name or description of the rocky shape (exotic animal motive), landmark, which can be expressly seen on the left side when reaching Sokolie from Tiesnavy?