Across
1. A family of chemical compounds containing carbon and hydrogen
atoms in various combinations, found especially in fossil
fuels.
5. a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent
characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers
7. The provision of a directed flow of fresh and return air
along all underground roadways, traveling roads, workings, and
service parts.
8. A horizontal, or near-horizontal, underground passage, entry,
or haulageway, that is open to the surface at both ends. A ______
(as opposed to an adit) must pass completely through a hill or
mountain.
10. Any rapidly combustive or expanding substance. The energy
released during this rapid combustion or expansion can be used to
break rock.
12. A streak of impurity in a coal seam.
14. An extensive crack, break, or fracture in the rocks
16. A solid, brittle, more or less distinctly stratified
combustible carbonaceous rock, formed by partial to complete
decomposition of vegetation; varies in color from dark brown to
black; not fusible without decomposition and very insoluble.
18. A surveying term that references the angle measured
clockwise from any meridian (the established line of reference).
The bearing is used to designate direction. The bearing of a line
is the acute horizontal angle between the meridian and the
line.
19. Course screening or scalping device that prevents oversized
bulk material from entering a material transfer system; constructed
of rails, bars, beams, etc.
20. A horizontal passage underground. A _____ follows the vein,
as distinguished from a crosscut that intersects it, or a level or
gallery, which may do either.
21. The passage through which fresh air is drawn or forced into
a mine or to a section of a mine.
24. Any entry to a mine that is not vertical (shaft) or
horizontal (adit). Often incline is reserved for those entries that
are too steep for a belt conveyor (+17 degrees -18 degrees), in
which case a hoist and guide rails are employed. A belt conveyor
incline is termed a slope. Alt: Secondary inclined opening, driven
upward to connect levels, sometimes on the dip of a deposit; also
called "inclined shaft".
25. Weaker strata hanging from stronger, overlying strata by
means of roof bolts.
Down
2. The vertical cleavage of coal seams. The main set of joints
along which coal breaks when mined.
3. The horizontal transport of ore, coal, supplies, and waste.
The vertical transport of the same is called hoisting.
4. Coal that appears at or near the surface.
6. Specialized chemical or electronic instruments used to detect
mine gases.
9. A surveying term used to designate direction. The _______ of
a line is the acute horizontal angle between the meridian and the
line. The meridian is an established line of reference. Azimuths
are angles measured clockwise from any meridian.
11. Layers of soil and rock covering a coal seam. __________ is
removed prior to surface mining and replaced after the coal is
taken from the seam.
13. One of two or more divisions of a coal seam separated by
slate or formed by the process of cutting the coal.
15. A slip-surface between two portions of the earth's surface
that have moved relative to each other. A _____ is a failure
surface and is evidence of severe earth stresses.
17. A nearly horizontal passage from the surface by which a mine
is entered and dewatered. A blind horizontal opening into a
mountain, with only one entrance.
19. The term applied to that part of the mine from which the
coal has been removed and the space more or less filled up with
waste. Also, the loose waste in a mine. Also called goaf.
22. A water-bearing bed of porous rock, often sandstone.
23. The process of mining and removal of cal or ore from a
mine.
The cache can be found at N 2,1 16,3.12,6,19
W 18,9,22 4,14,8-25,24,20.
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