Poles Apart: South - Te Atatu (Auckland) Traditional Cache

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ishoot: So over it

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Hidden : 7/17/2010
Difficulty:
2 out of 5
Terrain:
1.5 out of 5

Size: Size: micro (micro)

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Geocache Description:


Ebenezer Howard illustrated the ideas of the garden city with his famous Three Magnets diagram, which addressed the question 'Where will the people go?', the choices being 'Town', 'Country' or 'Town-Country' - the Three Magnets.



In 1899 Howard founded the Garden Cities Association which survives as the Town & Country Planning Association (TCPA). With supporters, he managed to gather sufficient finance to start work on the first Garden City at Letchworth, Hertfordshire, in 1903. The town was designed by the architects Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker, broadly along the lines suggested in Howard's book. Most of the housing was provided by co-partnership housing associations; employment was provided by radically-minded businessmen who had been persuaded to support the project, like the publisher Dent, but the largest single employer was Spirola, a corset manufacturer, very much at odds with the sandal-wearing, rational dress, Esperantist and folk-dancing ethos of the new town.

Howard was unable to gain support for further new town foundations after 1903 until 1920, when he acquired an estate near Welwyn in Hertfordshire and commenced construction of Welwyn Garden City. Both Letchworth and Welwyn G.C. are thriving communities, but not in the way that Howard had intended. It could be argued that his theories were not properly trialled, since a grouping of six or seven new towns never emerged to test their sustainability as a self-supporting network. Nevertheless, his theories were very influential in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, on urban form if not economic and social function.

The low density housing adopted as Letchworth became the ideal for housing reformers; 'garden suburbs' (in one sense a complete negation of Howard's true intentions) became a vogue, and low density housing (not more than twelve dwellings per acre) was the norm for both privately-owned and municipal housing in the interwar years. Only after the Second World War did the discrete Garden City again take its place in planning orthodoxy, this time in the form of the New Towns designed to reduce the population of London and to regenerate depressed areas in northern England, south Wales and Scotland.


B.Y.O.P. (Bring your own pen)



Additional Hints (Decrypt)

Fbhgu Cbyr

Decryption Key

A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M
-------------------------
N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z

(letter above equals below, and vice versa)


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