Words...Just Words ! Traditional Cache
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WORDS!
Think you know about them? Think again.
The English language can be one of the hardest to learn and one of the most confusing. You might think you know what a word means, but it might mean something entirely different.
Many words with the same spelling might be pronounced differently.
OR might sound the same but are written differently, giving, again, another meaning.
AND, some are spelled the same AND pronounced the same BUT have different meanings!!!
Confused? READ ON!
Consider:
bow - A long wooden stick with horse hair that is used to play a violin.
bow - To bend forward at the waist in respect (e.g. 'bow down').
bow - The front of a ship.
bow - A weapon which shoots arrows.
bow - A kind of tied ribbon, as on a present.
bow - To bend outward at the sides, (e.g. bow-legged).
bō - A long staff, usually made of tapered hardwood or bamboo.
beau - A male paramour.
bough - A branch on a tree, (e.g. when the bough breaks).
| Term |
Spelling |
Pronunciation |
Meaning |
Example |
| Homonym |
Same |
Same |
Different |
Tire: to get fatigued,
Tire: on a car |
| Homograph |
Same |
Same or Different |
Different |
Bark (tree), bark (dog); Bow (ship), bow (ribbon) |
| Homophone |
Same or Different |
Same |
Different |
their, there, they're |
| Heteronym |
Same |
Different |
Different |
Desert (the Sahara), Desert (to abandon) |
| Heterograph |
Different |
Same |
Different |
to, too, two |
| Polyseme |
Same |
Same or Different |
Different but related |
Mouth (on your face),
Mouth (of a cave or river) |
| Capitonym |
Same except for Capitalization |
Same or Different |
Different when Capitalized |
march (in a parade), March (the month) |
| Synonym |
Different |
Different |
Same |
Student and Pupil |
Homonyms:In linguistics, a homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings. Thus homonyms are simultaneously homographs (words that share the same spelling, irrespective of their pronunciation) and homophones (words that share the same pronunciation, irrespective of their spelling). Examples of homonyms are the pair stalk (part of a plant) and stalk (follow/harass a person) and the pair left (opposite of right) and left (past tense of leave).
Homographs:(literally "same writing") are usually defined as words that share the same spelling, regardless of how they are pronounced. If they are pronounced the same then they are also homophones (and homonyms) – for example, bark (the sound of a dog) and bark (the skin of a tree). If they are pronounced differently then they are also heteronyms – for example, bow (the front of a ship) and bow (a type of knot).
Homophone: (literally "same sound") are usually defined as words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of how they are spelled. If they are spelled the same then they are also homographs (and homonyms); if they are spelled differently then they are also heterographs (literally "different writing"). Examples include rose (flower) and rose (past tense of rise). Heterographic examples include to, too, two, and there, their, they’re.
Heteronym: (literally "different name") are the subset of homographs (words that share the same spelling) that have different pronunciations (and meanings). That is, they are homographs which are not homophones. Such words include desert (to abandon) and desert (arid region); row (to argue or an argument) and row (as in to row a boat or a row of seats - a pair of homophones). Heteronyms are also sometimes called heterophones (literally "different sound").
Heterograph: are words that sound the same but are spelled differently and mean different things. Examples inclue to/two/too, and their/there/they're.
Polysemes: are words with the same spelling and distinct but related meanings. Words such as mouth, meaning either the orifice on one's face, or the opening of a cave or river, are polysemes.
Capironym: are words that share the same spelling but have different meanings when capitalized (and may or may not have different pronunciations). Such words include polish (to make shiny) and Polish (from Poland); march (organized, uniformed, steady and rhythmic walking forward) and March (the third month of the year). However, both polish or march at the beginning of sentences still need to be capitalized.
Synonyms: are different words with almost identical or similar meanings. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. The words car and automobile are synonyms. Similarly, if we talk about a long time or an extended time, long and extended become synonyms. In the figurative sense, two words are often said to be synonymous if they have the same connotation.
Some examples of English synonyms are: Nouns: "student" and "pupil", "petty crime" and "misdemeanor". Verbs: "buy" and "purchase". Adjectives: "sick" and "ill". Adverbs: "quickly" and "speedily". Prepositions: "on" and "upon".
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Here are a few words I came across: Do you have any to add?
(abbreviations I used): homonym (hn), homograph (hg), homophone (hp), heteronym (htn), heterograph (htg), polyseme(ps), capitonym (cp), synonym (syn).
add (join to increase e.g. in number), ad (a public notice), ad (advantage in tennis)
address (place of residence), address (speak to a group) (hg)
ads (advertisements), adz (a wood-working tool) (hp) (htg)
affect (to change), affect (feeling or emotion) (htn), effect (result or change due to) (hg)
aid (help), aide (assistant) (htg) (hp)
ail (poor health), ale (beer) (htg)
air (what you breath), err ( make a mistake), heir (one who inherits) (hp)
aisle (corridor), isle (surrounded by water) (htg) (hp)
all (everything), awl (tool) (hp)
allowed (let), aloud (not silently) (hp)
alternate (another choice), alternate (switch back and forth) (htn)
appropriate (take possession of), appropriate (suitable) (htn)
ark (ship or vessel), arc (portion of a circle) (hm)
assent (go up), ascent (allow to do) (hp) (hm)
ate (consumed), eight (number) (hp)
aunt (parent’s sister), ant (insect) (hm)
ax (tool), acts (does something) (hp)
axes(used to cut wood), axes (x and y on a graph) (hg)
aye (yes), eye (organ for seeing) (hp)
bail (get out of jail), bail (on a fishing reel), bale (of hay) (hp)
ball (round object), bawl (to cry) (hp)
band (strap around something), banned (prohibited) (hp)
bank(savings), bank(of river), bank(pool shot)(hm)
bark(dog), bark (tree) (hg)(hm)
bass (fish), bass (string instrument) (hm) (htn)
bazaar (shopping place), bizarre (very strange) (hp)
be (exist), bee (insect) (hp)
beach (shoreline), beech (tree) (hp)
bear(animal), bear(to carry or support) (hg) bare (nothing on it) (hp)
beat (fight, hurt), beet (vegetable) (hp)
bell (ring), belle (beautiful woman) (hm)
better (superior), bettor (one who places bets) (hm)
bin (a box or container), been (past tense of be) (hm)
bite (insect injury), byte (computer information part) (hp)
blue(color), blew(wind)
boos (disparaging calls from fans), booze (liquor) (hm)
bow, bo, bough,
bread (food), bred (made offspring) (hp)
break (damage), brake (stops a car), brake (act of stopping) (hp)(hm)
bridal (of the wedding bride), bridle (on a horse) (hp)
browse (look through slowly), brows, (hair above eyes) (hp)
buffet (hit or bounce around), buffet (dinner where guests serve themselves) (htn)
but (another meaning), butt (bottom) (hp)
by (beside), buy (purchase), bye (so long) (hp)
CACHE (a repository searched for in an extremely popular and fun hobby), cash (money)(hp)
canvas (heavy cotton material), canvass (search out the wishes of a group) (hp)
capitol (seat of government), capital (assets) (hp)
carat (jewelry measure), carrot (vegetable) (hp)
cast (to throw), caste (a level of society) (hp)
cede (to disassociate from), seed (plant part) (hp)
ceiling (overhead part of a room), sealing (closing gaps) (hp)
censor (one who removes objectionable content), sensor (detects something) (hp)
cent (a penny), scent (an odor), (hp)
cereal (grain food), serial (group of similar actions (serial killer or movie serial) (hp)
chased (went after), chaste (give up comforts) (hp)
cheap (not a big spender), cheep (sound a baby chicken makes) (hp)
chews (masticates food), choose (decide between choices) (hp)
chilly (cold), chili (spicy dish of food) (hp)
choral (of a choir), coral (ocean animal) (hp)
chord (musical), cord (string or rope) (hp)
chute (a channel down which something slides), shoot (to harm with a projectile) (hp)
click (a sound, or a computer action), clique (a group of those with same likes or traits) (hp)
close (shut), close (nearby) (htn)
close(shut the door), close(near) (hg)
colonel (military rank), kernel (corn part) (hp)
combine (farm threshing machine), combine (put together)
concert (musical performance), concert (together (in concert with)) (hg)
conch (mollusk), conk (blow to the head) (hm)
conduct (behavior), conduct (direct or manage) (htn)
conflict (disagreement,conflict to be in opposition) (htn)
console (make feel better), console, (center or game console) (hg)
content (substantive part), content (satisfied) (htn)
contest (competition), contest (to dispute) (htn)
contract (to make smaller), contract (a legal arrangement) (hg)
converse (opposite), converse (to talk) (htn)
convict (a prisoner), convict (to find guilty) (htn)
coop (house for chickens), coupe (a type of vehicle) (hp)
core (center), corps (military branch or unit) (hp)
correspondence (communications), correspondents (ones who communicate or report) (hp)
council (committee of leaders), counsel (to give advice) (hp)
course (the path of a river or map), coarse (rough) (hp)
creak (make a squeaking noise), creek (a small body of flowing water) (hp)
crews (groups of employees, e.g. on a ship), cruise (to move in a contant direction or speed) (hp)
crooked (bent), crooked (criminal) (hg) (htn)
crow(bird), crow(speak loudly about)
cue (stick for billiards), cue (give the signal to start), queue (a line of waiters) (hp)(hm)
cymbals (musical instruments), symbols (items that stand for something) (hp)
dam (hems in water), damn (a curse) (hp)
days (time period of daylight), daze (in a stupor) (hp)
dear (romantic interest), deer (animal) (hp)
defused (rendered not dangerous), diffused (spread out) (hp)
deliberate (to consider), deliberate (on purpose) (htn)
desert(leave), desert(Sahara), dessert(end of a meal dish), (htn)
digest (collection of published material), digest (food) (htn)
do (act of doing something), do, (1st in scale do re me...) (hg)
doe (female deer), dough (for bread) (hm)
does (doing something), does (female deer) (hg)
dove (bird), dove ( into a pool) (hm) (htn)
draft (to enlist), draught (beer or horse) (hp)
dual (two of the same), duel (to fight) (hp)
earn (work to deserve a return), urn (a container or vessel) (hp)
eye (see with), I (myself) (by Dear Dora)
facts (objective items), fax (image transmission over phone lines) (hm)
fair (even-handed), fare (payment for a ride, e.g.) (hm)
fairy (imaginary magic person), ferry ( river-crossing boat) (hm) flower (a bloom), flour (powdered grain) (hm)
fluke(oddity), fluke(whale tail part, flatworm), fluke (a stroke of luck or oddity) (hn)
foreword (intro to a book), forward (the facing direction) (hm)
forth (a direction), fourth (after third) (hm)
friar (monk), frier (one who fries), fryer (chicken) (hp)
gait (walking method), gate (entrance) (hp)
gas,(fuel), gas(to vent), gas (fun(it’s a gas!)), gas (vapor)
gild (cover, e.g. with gold), guild (group of tradesmen) (hp)
gorilla (animal), guerilla (terrorist) (ps)
grate (gate-like cover), great (big) (hp)
grease (fatty substance), Greece (country) (cp)
groan (moan-like sound), grown (raised from little) (hp)
ground (earth), ground (corn into meal) (by Dear Dora)
guessed (derived the answer without knowing how), guest (friend staying with you) (hp)
gourd (hollow plant product), gored (stuck with a horn) (hp)
hail (ice), hail (hail of arrows rained down on the enemy), hale(hearty), (hp)
hair (on your head(not mine)), hare (rabbit) (hp)
hall (large room), haul (carry away) (hp)
have (to hold in possession), halve (break in two) (hm)
hay (a grass), hey (a shout) (hm)
heal (to cure), heel (hind part of the foot) (hm)
heard (listened to), herd (group of some animals) (hm) (hp)
hi (hello), high (more elevation), high, (drunk) (hp) (hm)
hide (animal skin), hide (secrete from view) (hm)
higher (more elevation), hire (enlist employment) (hp)
him (male), hymn (religious melody) (hp)
hoes (garden implements), hose (tube for carrying fluids) (hm)
hole (cavity), whole (entire) (hp)
horse (animal), hoarse (damaged voice) (hp)
house(home), house, to put someone up) (hg)
humorous (funny), humerus (funny bone) (hm)
in (expressing inclusion), inn (hotel) (hm)
incense (produces scented smoke), incense (make mad) (hg)
insight (possess knowledge), incite (make others angry) (hp)
invalid (not legal or usable), invalid (one impaired in bodily function) (htn)
jam (jelly), jam (in a tight situation) (hm), jamb (frame part of a door) (hp)
jeans (pants), genes (as in chromosomes) (hp)
knap (direction of weave of a rug), nap (to sleep) (hp)
knead (manipulate dough for bread), kneed (hit with the knee), need (desire for a purpose) (hp)
knew (had knowledge), gnu (animal), new (not old) (hp)
knits (action of knitting), nits (lice eggs) (hm)
knock (to rap on a surface), nock (a notch in an arrow) (hm)
know(knowledge),no(not yes)
lead(in front), led(was in front), lead(heavy metal)(hg) (htn)
leak (seeping fluid), leek (a plant) (hp)
lean (rest against or off of vertical), lien (monetary claim against something) (hp)
leased (rented for a period of time), least (smallest) (hp) (hm)
left (opposite of right), left (went away) (hm)
lessen (make less), lesson (instruction) (hp)
lie (to not tell the truth), lie (to get prostrate)(hm), lye (caustic substance) (hp)
lima (bean), Lima (city in Peru) (hg), (cp)
live (reside), live (in concert) (hg)
load (mass of substance to be moved), lode (deposit of ore in a rock formation or vein) (hp)
loan (let borrow), lone (without anyone else) (hp)
made (built), maid (a young woman) (hp)
main (the important or big one), mane (hair on an animal) (hp)
male (man), mail (e.g. send a letter) (hp)
march (proceed in formation), March (the month) (cp)
marshal (head or director or lawman), martial (military or police) (hp)
medal (award), metal (like steel), meddle (interfere with) (hp)
merry (happy ), marry (to wed) (hp)
might (big ability or strength), mite (very small insect) (hp)
milk (mammary gland product), milk (to extract repeatedly) (ps)
mince (to chop very fine), mints (sweets) (hp)
mind (brain), mined (dug out from the ground) (hp)
miner (one who digs from the ground), minor (not an adult) (hp)
minute(time measure), minute (very small) (hg)
misdemeanor, petty crime (syn)
missed (did not connect with), mist (fine spray of liquid) (hp)
moat (water around a castle), mote (a speck) (hm)
mobile (hanging art, or above a baby), Mobile (city) (cp), mobile (able to move around) (hg)
moderate (not extreme), moderate (to preside over) (htn)
mooed (what the cow did), mood (emotional state) (hm)
moose (large member of the deer family), mousse (dessert of whipped cream and eggs) (hm)
moped (move around in a depressed state), moped (scooter) (hg)
mouth(of a river), mouth(on your face) (hm) (ps)
muscle (body part), mussel (shellfish) (hp)
naval (of or related to ships), navel (bellybutton or orange) (hp)
nice (pleasant), gneiss (coarse-grained metamorphic rock of feldspar, quartz, and mica) (hm)
night (darkness), knight (chess piece) (hm)
no(not yes), know(knowledge)
number (1,2 ,3, 4, etc.), number (more numb) (hg)
oar (rowing device), ore (mineral or rock) (hp)
object (a thing), object (do not agree to) (hg) (htn)
on, upon (syn)
one(number), won(win)
pail (bucket), pale (low of color) (hp)
pare a pair of pears (hp, htg) by tokyotako,
passed (went by ), past (before the present) (hp)
pate (top of a the head), pate (minced liver) (hp)
perfect (flawless), perfect (to make the best) (htn)
permit (to let), permit (document that allows) (htn)
Polish(nationality), polish (shine) (cp)
present (here), present (a gift), present (show or give to), present (now) (hg)
primer (before paint), primer (teaching aid) (hg)
principal (head of a school), principle (rule governing behavior) (hp)
produce (food), produce (bring forth) (hg) (htn)
putting (a golf ball), putting (on a show) (hg)
quick, speedy (syn)
ragged (very worn, e.g. blue jeans), ragged (bother - e.g. he ragged me about it) (hg)
read(did to a book), red(color)
read(look at a book), reed(a plant) (hm)
rebel (to oppose establishment), rebel (a confederate soldier) (htn)
record (vinyl disk of songs), record (preserve for posterity, or a song), record (permanent record) (hg)
refuse (do not accept), refuse ( trash) (hg)(htn)
resume (to start again), resume (document of accomplishments) (htn)
root (of a tree), root (dig like a pig does) (hg)
rose(flower), rose(got up) (htg)
row(a boat), row(have an argument) (hm) (htn)
secreted (placed out of sight), secreted (emitted material, esp. fluid) (htn)
sell (accept payment for something), cell (phone or computer document space) (hp)
sea (ocean), see (look) (by Dear Dora)
sewer (waste pipes), sewer (one who sews) (hg)
sick, ill (syn)
sight (ability to see), site (a place) (hp)
skate(glide on ice), skate(the flat fish) (hm)
sow(plant seed), sow (female pig) (hg)
stalk(of a plant), stalk(hunt prey) (hm)
study (learn), study (a room) (by Dear Dora)
tear (rend apart), tear (cry) (hg)
tier (a level or step), tier (one who ties a knot) (hg) (htg)
their(belonging to a group), there(in that place), they’re(they are going to) (htg) (hg)
tire(lose energy),tire(wheel) (hn)
to(going to), too(also), two(number) (htg)
unionized (belonging to a union), unionized (not converted to ions) (htn)
wear(have clothing on), wear (depreciate, corrode), where(location) wholly (entirety), holey (full of holes), holy (religious) (hp)
wind(blowing air), wind (your watch) (hg)
won (win), one(number)
wound (damage to skin), wound (wind around) (hg) (htn)
you (yourself), ewe (female sheep) (htg)
I used Wikipedia for some of the information presented above.
I hope you have enjoyed your foray into WORDS.
HAPPY CACHING!!
FTF HONORS GO TO...tailhook3 !!!
Additional Hints
(Decrypt)
PUNEYRF UBJNEQ FZVGU VV ERNQVAT TNEQRA
(Haqre obhyqre jvgu ovt, bcra pnivgl haqre vg)
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