The waterfall at the given coordinates was formed of a period of many years from a semi constant flow of water from a stream that feeds into Harrods Creek, which meanders thru Jefferson and Oldham counties. Note that the majesty of the waterfall will fluctuate with the most recent amount of precipitation. The area that you are in consists of a bedrock primarily of limestone, but also contains some layers of sandstone. The flow of water over a long period of years here have eroded the soil and limestone bedrock that you see, and you should also recognize the ever so gradual recess of the underlying bedrock that cause the waterfall cascade.
Imagine a simple stream flowing along bedrock, the harder rock that lays underneath loose earth like soil and sand. It's moving along pretty quickly and at a fairly steep incline. The bedrock over which the water is flowing has varying degrees of density and strength -- some layers are soft, while others are much harder. In the case here, limestone is eroded and frost wedged over a period of several seasons. When water flows over a layer of hard rock, it erodes the softer rock beyond it. The bed of the stream gets steeper as the water carries the softer rock downstream, and eventually the flow of water at this point becomes steep enough to be considered a waterfall
Water continues to fall against a back wall, which also continues to wear away. Soon, the soft rock underneath the hard rock falls back, and a plunge pool is created where the water collects. Enough water moving over the hard rock will undercut it and break it away, and big pieces of rock will collapse and fall into the plunge pool, which makes it even bigger and deeper than before. The soft rock below the hard rock is receding so much that the hard rock becomes an overhang.
In order to log this Earth Cache, email me the answers to the following questions.
1. What do you think is the primary cause for this waterfall formation? .
2. Provide some evidence that you see of bedrock deteration.
3. Is there a splash pool evident at the bottom of the waterfall
4. (optional) take a photo of yourself or your GPSR near the GZ