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Hafnium - a bit of chemistry series Traditional Cache

This cache has been archived.

Darick: Was riding my bike past here and checked it due to the recent DNF. Looks like it is gone, and probably time to let this one go. Thanks for reporting the DNF!

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Hidden : 9/1/2013
Difficulty:
1.5 out of 5
Terrain:
1.5 out of 5

Size: Size:   micro (micro)

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Geocache Description:

A bit of a twist on this one, but should be a quick park, walk and grab. You can park on Valley View drive just west of 96th Street, but please do not to try to stop on 96th Street to access the cache. Keep an eye out for muggles and bring your own pen/pencil.

 


This is part of a series of caches all using the same container. The experiment continues... these containers generally hold up very well unless the lid is not secured well, please make sure you close the container tightly.


************** HAFNIUM ***************

Atomic Number: 72

Symbol: Hf

Atomic Weight: 178.49

Discovery: Dirk Coster and Georg von Hevesy 1923 (Denmark)

Name Origin: Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.

Properties: A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Hafnium was the penultimate stable isotope element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later). Hafnium is named after Hafnia, the Latin name for "Copenhagen", where it was discovered.

Uses: Hafnium is used in filaments and electrodes. Some semiconductor fabrication processes use its oxide for integrated circuits at 45 nm and smaller feature lengths. Some superalloys used for special applications contain hafnium in combination with niobium, titanium, or tungsten. Hafnium's large neutron capture cross-section makes it a good material for neutron absorption in control rods in nuclear power plants, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors.

Sources: Hafnium is estimated to make up about 5.8 ppm of the Earth's upper crust by weight. It does not exist as a free element in nature, but is found combined in solid solution for zirconium in natural zirconium compounds such as zircon, ZrSiO4, which usually has about 1 – 4% of the Zr replaced by Hf. A major source of zircon (and hence hafnium) ores are heavy mineral sands ore deposits, pegmatites particularly in Brazil and Malawi, and carbonatite intrusions particularly the Crown Polymetallic Deposit at Mount Weld, Western Australia. A potential source of hafnium is trachyte tuffs containing rare zircon-hafnium silicates eudialyte or armstrongite, at Dubbo in New South Wales, Australia. Hafnium reserves are projected to last under 10 years if the world population increases and demand grows.

Information Sources - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium
http://chemistry.about.com/library/blperiodictable.htm

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