The 80 Years War, or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) began as a revolt of the 17 Provinces against Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Hapsburg Netherlands. After the initial stages, Philip II deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebelling provinces. However, under the leadership of the exiled William of Orange, the northern provinces continued their resistance and managed to oust the Hapsburg armies. In 1581, the Republic of the 7 United Netherlands was established. The war continued in other areas, although the heartland of the republic was no longer threatened. The war ended in 1648 with the Peace of Münster, when the Dutch Republic was recognized as an independent country.
The Year 80:
Emperor Titus inaugurates the Colosseum with 100 days of games.
The Roman occupation of Britain reaches the River Tyne–Solway Firth frontier area.
Gnaeus Julius Agricola creates a fleet for conquest of Caledonia, he finally proves that Britannia is an island.
The original Roman Pantheon is destroyed in a fire, together with many other buildings.
The Eifel Aqueduct is constructed to bring water 95 km (59 mi) from the Eifel region to Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensum (modern Cologne). Gnaeus Julius Agricola begins his invasion of Scotland.
30,000 Huns with 40,000 horses and 100,000 cattle, join with Iranian tribes and Mongols from the Siberian forests as they migrate west
The aeolipile, the first steam engine, is described by Hero of Alexandria.
The Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles are written (approximate date).