
Element 111, roentgenium, was discovered towards the end of 1994 at the GSI in Darmstadt, Germany. Three atoms of an isotope 272Uuu were produced in reactions between 209Bi targets and 64Ni projectiles. To achieve this, the nickel atoms were accelerated to high energies by the heavy ion accelerator UNILAC at GSI and directed onto a lead target. Chemically, roentgenium should be in the same group as the elements copper, silver, and gold. Roentgenium is named for Wilhelm Conrad Ro"ntgen, who discovered x-rays.