SI
Pot vas bo vodila skozi mesto Brežice mimo večjih znamenitosti do končne lokacije, ki je tudi ena izmed znamenitosti mesta.
Bogate pretekle zgodbe, ki še danes nagovorijo
Okolica današnjih Brežic je bila poseljena že v prazgodovini. To potrjujejo bogati keltski grobovi iz drugega stoletja pred našim štetjem, najdeni na območju sejmišča. Kot kraj so Brežice prvič omenjene leta 1241, in sicer z imenom Rain, kar v nemškem jeziku pomeni obala rečne struge. Reka Sava, ki se tu izliva v Krko, je skozi stoletja tik ob levem bregu svoje struge narekovala pozidavo starega mestnega naselja in mu tako določila tudi ime. Slovensko ime »Brežice« namreč pomeni mestno naselbino na bregovih reke: breg – bregci – brežci – Brežice.
Ozemlje je v 11. stoletju prišlo v roke salzburške nadškofije in ostalo v njeni posesti vse do 15. stoletja, mesto pa se je zaradi dobre lege začelo zgodaj razvijati. Tako je imelo že v 13. stoletju svoj grad, vojaško posadko, sodišče in kovnico denarja, postalo pa je tudi upravno in gospodarsko središče salzburške posesti v Posavju. Mestne pravice je mesto dobilo leta 1353, na čelu mestne uprave pa je bil mestni sodnik, ki ga je imenoval salzburški nadškof. Opravljal je tudi civilno ter nižje kazensko in krvno sodstvo. Mestno je imelo takrat dva sejma (na binkošti in na lovrencovo), osem dni pred vsakim sejmom je veljal tržni mir. Meščani so imeli pravico ribolova, vendar so morali z ribami postreči nadškofu in njegovemu spremstvu, kadar je prišel v mesto. Za nakup in celo za uveljavitev dedovanja posesti je moral nemeščan pridobiti soglasje nadškofa.
»Brežice so imele zaradi hitrega razvoja že v 13. stoletju svoj grad, vojaško posadko, sodišče in kovnico denarja, mestne pravice pa so dobile leta 1353.«
Ob koncu 15. stoletja je Brežice opustošil madžarski kralj Matija Korvin, znan tudi kot kralj Matjaž. Po desetletni vojni med njim in Habsburžani je mesto po podpisu mirovne pogodbe pripadlo slednjim in Brežice so tako postale deželnoknežje mesto.
»Po kmečkem uporu leta 1515 je bil uničen brežiški grad, ki pa je bil v naslednjih letih obnovljen in je odigral pomembno vlogo med slovenskim uporom leta 1573 pod vodstvom Matije Gubca.«
V času turških vpadov so bile Brežice večkrat požgane in oplenjene. V slovenskem kmečkem uporu leta 1515, ko je mesto napadlo 9000 kmetov, sta pogorela tako stari grad iz prve polovice 12. stoletja kot mesto. Grad so kasneje obnovili in utrdili z vogalnimi obrambnimi stolpi, tako da je edini v Posavju kljuboval napadom upornih kmetov med hrvaško-slovenskim uporom leta 1573 pod vodstvom Matije Gubca.
Pomembna prelomnica za mesto je bilo leto 1535, ko so Brežice dobile pravico do lastnega grba, ki se je ohranil do današnjih dni in kaže tri brda nad tekočo vodo, v ozadju pa piramido. Tekoča voda predstavlja Savo, tri brda dežele Štajersko, Kranjsko in Hrvaško, piramida za njimi pa vzhajajoče sonce.
Brežice so konec srednjega veka pričakale kot pomembno trgovsko in obrtno središče v jugovzhodnem delu Štajerske. V drugi polovici 16. stoletja je v Brežicah prevladal protestantizem in mesto je dobilo lastnega predikanta. 17. stoletje je zaznamoval prihod frančiškanov, ki so leta 1660 zgradili frančiškanski samostan, okoli katerega se je razvilo manjše severno predmestje. V sedanji, po vojni zgrajeni samostanski stavbi od leta 1945 dalje deluje Gimnazija Brežice.
»Brežice so postale pomembno upravno in obrtno središče spodnjega Posavja na štajerski strani.«
V novem veku so Brežičani živeli predvsem od trgovine in prometa. Ker mesto leži ob reki Savi, ki je bila pomembna vodna pot iz avstrijskih pokrajin proti vzhodu, je bilo tu živahno rečno pristanišče. Še danes je ob nekdanjem bregu ohranjenih nekaj večjih hiš bogatih trgovskih družin. Kljub temu so bile Brežice predvsem upravno in obrtno središče spodnjega Posavja na štajerski strani in so tekmovale s Krškim, ki je bilo enako pomembno na kranjski strani.
»Po 2. svetovni vojni je mesto dočakalo bolj optimistične čase in se je pričelo hitro razvijati.«
»Brežiški Slovenci« so, da bi se postavili po robu načrtni germanizaciji, ob koncu 19. stoletja v mestu ustanovili čitalnico, posojilnico in Narodni dom ter se tako zavzemali za širjenje narodne zavesti in se upirali prisilnem ponemčevanju. Med 2. svetovno vojno so Nemci iz mesta in okolice Brežic izgnali 17.259 ljudi, v izpraznjene domove pa naseljevali predvsem kočevske Nemce in priseljence iz Besarabije. 28. oktobra 1941 je bila ustanovljena Brežiška partizanska četa z nalogo, da prepreči izselitev Slovencev iz teh krajev. Po 2. svetovni vojni se je velik del Nemcev izselil iz Brežic. Mesto se je začelo hitro razvijati in v sodobnem času lahko s ponosom govorimo o mestu z bogato tradicijo ter izrednimi naravnimi in kulturnimi znamenitostmi.
Pot se začne pri Mestnih hiši.
Naloga:
N 45° 54.B-(F*H+G*I-A)
E 15° 35.D+E*G-C*I+F
_
EN
The path will take you through the town of Brezice past major sights to the final location, which is also one of the city's sights.
A rich history that speaks to us to this day
The surroundings of modern Brežice have been inhabited since prehistoric times. This is confirmed by the rich Celtic graves from the second century BC, found at the fairgrounds. Brežice is first mentioned as a settlement in 1241, under the name Rain, which means the edge of the river in German. Over the centuries, the Sava River, which flows into the river Krka here, dictated the growth of the old town settlements on the left bank of the river channel, thus determining the town's name. The Slovenian name "Brežice" constitutes an urban settlement on the banks of the river: breg (bank) - bregci - brežci - Brežice.
In the 11th century, the territory fell into the hands of the Salzburg archdiocese and remained in its possession until the 15th century. Due to its good location, the town started developing early, thus obtaining a castle, military unit, court and mint as early as the 13th century. It became the administrative and economic centre of the archdiocese's estates held in the Sava valley. The town was awarded city rights in 1353 with a city judge, appointed by the Archbishop of Salzburg, who was the head of the city administration. He ruled on matters of civil as well as criminal law and blood court. The city held two fairs (at Pentecost and on St. Lawrence day) with peace appointed eight days before each fair for the purpose of conducting business smoothly. The citizens had the right to fish, but the fish also had to be served to the archbishop and his entourage when he came to town. In order to buy and even establish a clear succession, a noncitizen had to obtain the consent of the archbishop.
»Due to its fast growth, Brežice obtained a castle, military unit, court and mint as early as the 13th century and were awarded city rights in 1353.«
At the end of the 15th century, Brežice was devastated by the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus, also known as King Matthias I. After a ten-year war between him and the Habsburgs, the city belonged to the latter after the signing of a peace treaty. Brežice thus became a princely city.
An important turning point for the city was the year 1501, when Brežice received the right to its own coat of arms, which has been preserved to the present day and shows three hills rising above flowing water and a pyramid in the background. The flowing water represents the Sava River, the three hills are the Lands of Styria, Carniola and Croatia and the pyramid stands as a symbol of sun rising above them.
»After a peasant revolt in 1515, Brežice castle was destroyed but rebuilt in the following years, later playing an important role during the Croatian-Slovenian peasant revolt in 1573 led by Matija Gubec.«
Throughout the Turkish invasions, Brežice were repeatedly burned and pillaged. During the Slovenian peasant revolt in 1515, when the city was attacked by 9,000 people, farmers burnt down the old castle from the first half of the 12th century as well as the city. The castle was later rebuilt and reinforced with corner towers, thus becoming the only one in the Posavje region to withstand the attacks of rebellious peasants during the Croatian-Slovenian rebellion in 1573 led by Matija Gubec.
Brežice awaited the end of the Middle Ages as an important trade and craft centre in the south-eastern part of Styria. In the second half of the 16th century, Brežice was dominated by Protestantism and the city got its own preacher. The 17th century was marked by the arrival of the Franciscans, who built the Franciscan Monastery in 1660, around which a small northern suburb started to develop. In the present monastery building, built after the war, Brežice High School has operated since the year 1945.
»Brežice became an important administrative and trade centre of the lower Posavje region of Styria.«
In modern times, the inhabitants of Brežice lived mainly on trade and transport. Because it is located along the Sava River, an important waterway from the Austrian lands to the east at the time, there was a bustling river port emerging. Even today, several large houses of rich merchant families are preserved on the former bank. Nevertheless, Brežice operated mainly as an administrative and trade centre of lower Posavje on the Styrian side, constantly competing for dominance with Krško, which was equally important on the Carniolan side.
»After World War II, the city awaited more optimistic times, and began to develop rapidly.«
Nationally conscious Slovenes in Brežice established a library, loan bank and the National Hall there at the end of the 19th century in order to resist the systematically forced Germanization and push for an expansion of national consciousness. During World War II, the Germans expelled 17,259 people from the city and its surroundings, which were inhabited mainly by Gottscheer Germans and immigrants from Bessarabia in the vacated homes. On 28 October 1941, the Brežice partisan unit was founded with the task of preventing the expulsion of Slovenes from these areas. After World War II, a large part of the Germans emigrated from Brežice. The town began to develop rapidly and we can nowadays proudly talk of a city with a rich tradition and extraordinary natural and cultural attractions.
The path begins at the City Hall.
Task:
N 45° 54.B-(F*H+G*I-A)
E 15° 35.D+E*G-C*I+F
_
