Tretjega februarja leta 1959 so v letalski nesreči v bližini kraja Clear Lake (ZDA, Iowa) umrli rock glasbeniki Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens in J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson. Tragični dogodek je kasneje postal znan kot "Dan, ko je umrla glasba".
On the February 3, 1959, rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson were killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa. The event later became known as "The Day the Music Died".
[SLO]
Buddy Holly in njegova skupina The Crickets (Waylon Jennings, Tommy Allsup in Carl Bunch) so bili v tistem času na glasbeni turneji "Winter Dance Party" po srednjem zahodu Združenih držav amerike. Turneji sta se pridružila še vzhajajoči zvezdi Ritchie Valens in J.P. Richardson. Dolge vožnje med prizorišči v ledenem in neudobnem avtobusu so slabo vplivale na udeležence, nekateri so zboleli za gripo, nekateri pa celo utrpeli omrzline. Razočaran nad takšnimi pogoji se je Buddy Holly po nastopu v kraju Clear Lake odločil, da najame letalo do naslednjega prizorišča v kraju Moorhead v Minnesoti. Jennings je svoje mesto na letalu odstopil Richardsonu, ki je zbolel za gripo, Allsup pa je svojega izgubil pri metu kovanca proti Valensu. Pozno zvečer, kmalu po vzletu, je pilot Roger Peterson v slabih zimskih razmerah zgubil nadzor nad letalom in strmoglavili so na koruzna polja. Vsi na krovu letala so bili mrtvi. V spomin na tragični dogodek je bilo na kraju nesreče postavljeno nekaj spomenikov in kasneje posneto mnogo pesmi in filmov. Na glasbenem prizorišču Surf Ballroom, kjer so glasbeniki zadnjič nastopali skupaj, pa se vsako leto odvija spominski koncert.
Buddy Holly se je rodil kot Charles Holley v kraju Lubbock v Texasu. Glasbeno kariero je začel kot country pevec skupaj s srednješolskimi prijatelji, vendar je kasneje pod vplivom različnih izvajalcev, med drugim tudi Elvisa Presley-a, začel igrati rock glasbo. V sredini 50-tih let je imel skupaj s svojo skupino redne radijske nastope in mednarodno turnejo, na kateri so igrali uspešnice “Peggy Sue,” “Oh, Boy!,” “Maybe Baby” in “Early in the Morning.” Holly je bil avtor vseh njihovih pesmi, mnoge od njih so bile izdane šele po njegovi smrti in imele velik vpliv na ostale glasbenike kot sta Bob Dylan in Paul McCartney.
J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson je začel kariero kot disk jockey v Texasu in kasneje začel pisati pesmi. Njegova največja uspešnica je bila rockabilly “Chantilly Lace”, ki se je uvrstila na ameriško lestvico TOP 10 najbolj popularnih pesmi.
Ritchie Valens se je rodil kot Richard Valenzuela v predmestju Los Angeles-a in je bil ob smrti star le 17 let. Kljub mladosti je imel že nekaj velikih uspešnic kot so “Come On, Let’s Go,” “Donna” in “La Bamba”, ki temelji na tradicionalni mehiški poročni pesmi (kljub temu, da je Ritchie slabo govoril špansko). Njegova življenjska zgodba je bila leta 1987 predstavljana v filmu s tem naslovom, naslovna pesem v izvedbi skupine Los Lobos pa se je uvrstila na prvo mesto ameriške in angleške glasbene lestvice. Leta 2001 je bil Ritchie Valens posthumno sprejet v muzej slavnih rock glasbenikov "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame".
Tragični dogodek je desetletja odmeval skozi zgodovino rock glasbe in predstavlja konec prvotnega razcveta rock anarhije in inovacij. V rock glasbi je od leta 1955 do zgodnjih 70-tih prišlo do velikih sprememb. Leto 1959 označuje konec zlate dobe žive rock glasbe in evolucijo posnete studijske glasbe skozi naslednje desetletje. Ravno tako pa konec obdobja individualne glasbe simbolizira tudi konec ameriške nedolžnosti. 50-ta leta dvajsetega stoletja v ameriški zgodovini predstavljajo zlato dobo, čarobni trenutek v času, ko je bila nacija bolj samozavestna in optimistična kot kdaj koli prej. Skozi ta čas se je ameriška družba temeljito spremenila od relativnega optimizma in enotnosti ob koncu 50-tih in začetku 60-tih let, pa do popolnega zanikanja teh vrednot s strani različnih političnih in socialnih gibanj v sredini in ob koncu 60-tih let dvajsetega stoletja.
Temu obdobju so pustile pečat mnoge pesmi, glasbeni albumi, osebe, skupine in dogodki. Poiščite jih in rešili boste uganko.
[ENG]
At the time, Holly and his band (the Crickets), consisting of Waylon Jennings, Tommy Allsup, and Carl Bunch, were playing on the "Winter Dance Party" tour across the United States Midwest. Rising artists Valens and Richardson had joined the tour as well. The long journeys between venues on board the cold, uncomfortable tour buses adversely affected the performers, who suffered the cases of flu and even frostbite. After stopping at Clear Lake to perform, and frustrated by such conditions, Holly chose to charter a plane to reach their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota. Richardson, who had the flu, swapped places with Jennings, taking his seat on the plane, while Allsup lost his seat to Valens on a coin toss. Soon after takeoff, late at night and in poor, wintry weather conditions, the pilot lost control of the light aircraft, a Beechcraft Bonanza, which subsequently crashed into a cornfield. Everyone on board was killed. The event has since been mentioned in various songs and films. A number of monuments have been erected at the crash site and in Clear Lake, where an annual memorial concert is also held at the Surf Ballroom, the venue that hosted the artists' last performance.
Holly, born Charles Holley in Lubbock, Texas, and just 22 when he died, began singing country music with high school friends before switching to rock and roll after opening for various performers, including Elvis Presley. By the mid-1950s, Holly and his band had a regular radio show and toured internationally, playing hits like “Peggy Sue,” “Oh, Boy!,” “Maybe Baby” and “Early in the Morning.” Holly wrote all his songs, many of which were released after his death and influenced other artists such as Bob Dylan and Paul McCartney.
J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson, 28, started out as a disk jockey in Texas and later began writing songs. Richardson’s most famous recording was the rockabilly “Chantilly Lace,” which made the Top 10. He developed a stage show based on his radio persona, “The Big Bopper.”
Ritchie Valens, born Richard Valenzuela in a suburb of Los Angeles, was only 17 when the plane went down, but had already scored hits with “Come On, Let’s Go,” “Donna” and “La Bamba,” an upbeat number based on a traditional Mexican wedding song (though Valens barely spoke Spanish). In 1987 Valens’ life was portrayed in the movie La Bamba, and the title song, performed by Los Lobos, became a No. 1 hit. Valens was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001.
The event has echoed through rock 'n' roll history for 50 years, representing the close of an era, the end of the first bloom of rock anarchy and innovation and also brought about a great change in rock music from 1955 until the early 1970s. 1959 is the year that marks the end of rock's "Golden Age" and evolution of the recorded music thru the sixties. Death of an individual popular music also symbolizes the end of American innocence. The 1950s are fondly remembered as a kind of golden age in American history, a charmed moment in time when the country seemed more confident and hopeful than ever. It is throughout this very decade that the American cultural landscape changed radically, passing from the relative optimism and conformity of the 1950s and early 1960s to the rejection of these values by the various political and social movements of the mid and late 1960s.
Many songs, music albums, individuals, groups, and events greatly affected this era. Find them and you will solve the riddle.
Uganka / The riddle
A In 3,2
B Ve1 1,1
C Ve1 1,4
D Ve1 2,3
E Ve1 3,2
F Ve2 1,4
G Ve2 1,5
H Ve2 2,1
I Ve2 3,2
J Ve3 1,1
K Ve3 1,3
L Ve3 2,2
M Ve4 1,1
N Ve4 1,5
O Ve4 1,6
P Ve4 2,3
Q Ve4 2,4
R Ou 1,1
Končne koordinate / Final coordinates:
N 46 ww.xxx E 014 yy.zzz
ww = (E+9)*5 / F
xxx = A+B+C+D+G+I-7
yy = (M*Q) / (H+O-P-4)
zzz = J+k+L-M+N-O+P+R
