Martin was founded in 1877 where the Air Line Railroad crossed Red Hollow Road, an important trading route. The railroad agent, Henry C. Black, became its first settler.
Surrounded by fertile cotton farms, Martin's economy grew due to its proximity to the railroad. One of the most prominent businesses in its early days was Farmers Cotton Seed Oil Company, which exported its products as far as Liverpool, England.
One of only three incorporated cities in Stephens County (the others are Toccoa and Avalon), Martin had 381 residents during the 2010 census.
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