地下奇迹世界↘️↙️UNDERGROUND WONDER WORLD EarthCache
Hidden : 10/27/2018
Difficulty:
2.5 out of 5
Terrain:
3.5 out of 5

Size: Size: other (other)

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Geocache Description:


快来 -🚍🚌和我一起乘车去参加联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录“黄龙洞”，也就是在张家界附近的武陵源风景名胜区附近的“黄龙洞”。这些石灰岩（喀斯特）洞穴拥有巨大的空间地下室系统。你会被各种不同层面的现象所震撼：许多石笋，一些钟乳石和石笋（柱子），瀑布，湖泊，通航河流，岩层等。其中大多数都是五颜六色的照明，这使得印象更多神秘但不切实际。但是，准备好在有意义的访问期间↗️↘️上下走很多步骤!
Come - hop into the 🚌bus🚍 with me to the Unesco World Heritage listed "Huánglóng Dòng" also known as "Yellow Dragon Caves" in the vicinity of the "Wǔlíngyuán Scenic and Historic Interest Area" close to Zhāngjiājiè. These limestone (karst) caves bear a huge system of very spacey underground chambers. You will be awed by a variety of phenomena to be experienced on different levels: Many stalagmites, some stalactites and stalagnates (columns), waterfalls, lakes, navigable rivers, rock formations etc. Most of them are colourfully illuminated which makes the impression more mystical yet unrealistic. However, be prepared to walk a lot of steps up↗️ and down↘️ during your rewarding visit!

很长一段时间（大约4亿年前），该地区被一片海底覆盖，海底有广泛的珊瑚礁。在数百万年的时间里，地面显着移动，钙质珊瑚沉积物层层转动。这是由于表面上的巨大张力导致了巨大的力量。然后，新兴的石灰岩层最终被雨水侵蚀，并部分冲刷出建筑物洞穴系统。在仍在进行的降水过程中，雨滴与周围的空气接触并溶解部分二氧化碳，部分形成非常弱的碳酸:
H2O(l)+CO2(g)⇌H2CO3(aq). 当这种水渗透到不同的层时，它也会穿过石灰石（碳酸钙）中的小裂缝。这导致反应缓慢，产生可溶于水的碳酸氢钙:
H2CO3(aq)+CaCO3(s)⇌Ca(HCO3)(aq)。当这种溶液与通风相对干燥的空气接触并与洞穴外部交换时，水会缓慢地从天花板上的悬滴或地面上的下落中蒸发出来。因此，溶液变得略微过饱和，同时碳酸氢钙再次转变为固体石灰石(碳酸钙):
Ca(HCO3)2(aq)⇌CaCO3(s)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)。这通过从天花板（钟乳石）和地面（石笋）朝向彼此生长而粘附并增加到岩石和地质时期形成柱。根据当地条件，可以演变出非常不同的形状。观察者的想象力可以看到例如建筑物或童话般的人物将这个洞穴的参观变成了令人敬畏的冒险.
Long time (some 400 million years) ago the area was covered by an ocean with extensive coral reefs at its bottom. Within millions of years the ground moved significantly and the layers of calcareous coral sediments turned. This was caused by immense tensions on the surface resulting in enormous forces. The emerging limestone layer then was eventually eroded by rainwater and partially washed out building cave systems. During the still ongoing process of precipitation the raindrops come in touch with the surrounding air and dissolve some carbon dioxide partially forming very weak carbonic acid: H2O(l)+CO2(g)⇌H2CO3(aq).When this water penetrates the different layers it also runs through small cracks within the limestone (calcium carbonate). This causes a slow reaction yielding calcium hydrogen carbonate which is soluble in water: H2CO3(aq)+CaCO3(s)⇌Ca(HCO3)2(aq). When this solution gets into contact with air that is relatively dry due to ventilation and exchange with the outside of the caves the water evaporates slowly out of a hanging drop at the ceiling or fallen drop on the ground. Thus the solution becomes slightly supersaturated and at the same time calcium hydrogen carbonate turns back again to solid limestone (calcium carbonate): Ca(HCO3)2(aq)⇌CaCO3(s)+H2O(l)+CO2(g). This adheres and adds to the rock and over geological times forms columns by growing towards each other from the ceiling (stalactites) and the ground (stalagmites). Depending on the local conditions very different shapes can evolve. The observer's imagination can see e.g. buildings or fairytale figures which turn a visit of this cave into an awesome adventure.

要记录此Earthcache，请先将以下至少三个问题的答案通过电子邮件发送给我 !
a）大气中二氧化碳(CO2)的含量非常低, 仅为0.03％。解释为什么它仍然在构建在岩溶洞穴中观察的不同地层中发挥重要作用！
b）如何建造Rimstone大坝？描述您在访问期间注意到的一个示例！估计检测到的最大边缘的直径。您可以通过照片证实您的解释。
c）在一个阶段你可以看到“后宫”倒塌的碎片。找出第一次崩溃的时间。为什么你认为它的名字是“后宫”？
d）最高的石笋投保100,000,000.00元! 了解大约需要多少年才能增长到19.2米的实际高度，预计每年增加0.096毫米！将您的结果与6500万年的洞穴系统的估计年龄进行比较！
To log this Earthcache as found, please email the answers to at least three of the following questions to me first!
a) The atmosphere has the very low content of carbon dioxide (CO2) of only 0.03%. Explain why it still plays a significant role in building the different formations to observe in a karst cave!
b) How is a Rimstone dam built? Describe an example you took notice of during your visit! Estimate the diameter of the biggest rim detected. You can substantiate your explanations by a photo.
c) At one stage you can see debris of the collapse of the "Back Palace". Find out when the first collapse happened. Why do you think its name is "Back Palace"?
d) The highest stalagmite is insured for 100,000,000.00 Yuan! Find out how many years it took approximately to grow to its actual height of 19.2 metres, anticipated an increase of 0.096 mm per year! Compare your result to the estimated age of the cave system of 65 million years!

现在享受您参观这个壮观的地方的独特体验！
Now enjoy your unique experience of visiting this spectacular place!
别忘了你的☔雨伞☔ !!!
Don't forget your ☔UMBRELLA☔!!!
快乐狩猎！
Happy Hunting!

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