Baški dolomit EarthCache
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Baški dolomit z roženci
Pot ob kateri se nahaja dolomit je na Kozlovem Robu nad Tolminom. Tam se nahaja tudi grad, ki je bil strateško pomembna utrdba, iz katere se je nadziralo Tolminsko in pomembne trgovske poti, ki so vodile tod mimo. Danes je grad delno obnovljen, delno pa v ruševinah.
Grad je prvič omenjen leta 1188, leta 1194 pa je bila omenjena kapelica sv. Martina na tem gradu. Najprej je bil zgrajen vzhodni in severni stolp. Kasneje so zgradili tudi dva šestkotna stolpa. Na gradu sta bila tudi dva vodnjaka za zbiranje deževnice. Pod severnim stolpom je bila klet, namenjena skladiščenju hrane. V gradu pa je bil tudi zapor. Grad je nadzorovalo veliko pomembnih fevdalcev: oglejski patriarhi, goriški grofje, mesto Čedad, Benečani in nazadnje Habsburžani.
Grad v času miru ni bil stalno naseljen, v njem je prebivala zgolj močna vojaška straža. Grajsko poslopje je bilo hudo poškodovano v potresih leta 1348 in 1511. Leta 1651 je bil grad dokončno opuščen, saj je njegov lastnik, družina Coronnini zgradila novo grajsko poslopje v Tolminu. Na tem mestu je sedaj muzej. Grad je bil pomemben tudi v času Tolminskega punta (1713).
Med prvo svetovno vojno je bila med ruševine gradu postavljena ključna opazovalna točka za obrambo t. im. tolminskega mostišča. Od 90. let prejšnjega stoletja so se ostanki gradu sanirali in uredili v razgledno točko, s katere je čudovit razgled na Tolminsko kotlino in okoliške vrhove. Ruševine gradu so razglašene za kulturni spomenik, celoten grajski hrib pa je postal priljubljeno rekreacijsko območje, povezano tudi z zgodovinsko in naravoslovno potjo.
Baški dolomit je sedimentna kamnina, ki je nastala z usedanjem karbonatnega blata pred več kot 200 milijoni let. Dolomitna kamnina se je odlagala kot apnenčevo blato v globokem morju, ki je takrat pokrivalo večji del današnje Slovenije. V globokovodnem okolju je bilo tudi veliko kremenice, ki se je izločala iz starejših vulkanskih kamnin. S strjevanjem sedimenta je nastala plastna kamnina, ki je bila dodatno obogatena z magnezijem. Tako je nastal siv do temno siv dolomit s polami in gomolji črnega roženca. Kamnino so poimenovali po baški grapi. Baški dolomit z rožencem je znčilna kamnina širše okolice Tolmina, Baške grape in zahodnega dela Cerkljanske. Poleg dachsteinskega apnenca, ki sestavlja celotne Julijske Alpe, je tipična kamnina na Tolminskem še volčanski apnenec, katerega nagubane plasti je mogoče lepo videti tudi ob cesti pod Ključem pri Modreju.
Vprašanje:
1. Poglejte na Baški dolomit z rožencem, ki se lepo vidi ob poti. Kaj mislite, da je vplivalo na debelino plasti v dolomitu in kakšna je debelina najdebelejše plasti, ki jo vidite v steni?
Neobvezno:
1. Vpisu lahko dodate tudi kakšno fotografijo.
The Bača dolomite with chert
The path by which is located dolomite is on Kozlov Rob hill above Tolmin. There is also a castle, which was a strategically important in past. Today the castle is partly renovated and partly in ruins.
The city was first mentioned in 1188, and in 1194 the chapel of St. Martin in this town. On castle first was built eastern and a northern tower. Later, they built two hexagonal towers. There were also two rainwater collectors on the castle. Under the north tower, there was a cellar intended for storing food. There was also a prison in the castle. The castle was controlled by many important feudalists: the Aquileian Patriarchs, the Counts of Gorizia, the city of Cividale, Venetian and lastly the Habsburgs.
During peacetime, the castle was not permanently inhabited, only a strong military guard resided there. The castle was badly damaged in the earthquakes in 1348 and 1511. In 1651 the castle was finally abandoned, as its owner Coronnini family, built a new castle building in Tolmin. At this place is now a museum. The castle was also important during the time of the Tolmin's peasant uprising (1713).
During the First World War, a crucial observation point for defense was set up in ruins of the castle. Since the 1990s, the remains of the castle have been renovated and arranged in a viewing point, from which there is a wonderful view of the Tolmin and the surrounding peaks. The ruins of the castle have been declared a cultural monument, and the entire castle hill has become a popular recreational area.
The Bača dolomite is a sedimentary rock, which was formed by settling of carbonate mud more than 200 million years ago. The dolomitna rock was deposited as a limestone mud in the deep sea, that covered most of today's Slovenia at that time. The deep water environment also contained a lot of silicon dioxide from older types of volcanic rocks. With the hardening of the sediment, a multi-layered, magnesium enriched rock was formed. Thus a gray to dark gray dolomite with sheets and nodules of black chert was formed. The rock was named after the Baška grapa. The Bača dolomite with chert is a rock typical of the wider area of Tolmin, Baška grapa and the western part of Cerkljansko region. Beside the Dachstein limestone, the building material for the entire Julian Alps, a typical rock in Tolmin is also Volče limestone, whose wrinkled layers can also be seen on the road at ˝pod Ključem˝ near Modrej.
Question:
1. Take a look on a Bača dolomite with chert, which can bee seen along the path. What do you think has affected the thickness of the layer in the dolomite and what is the thickness of the thickest layer you see in the wall?
Optional:
1. If you want you can make some photos and add them to your log.
Additional Hints
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