Denne tur rundt viser steder, hvor vi mindes jødernes flugt i 1943 fra Gilleleje til Sverige.

Der er lagt 7 mindeplader ud rundt om i byen som viser steder med særlig betydning for jødernes flugt - desuden er der en række andre mindesmærker, hvor jeg har udvalgt 3.

Du får koordinaterne til denne bonus, når du kommer til det waypoint på de to Lab-serier, Jødernes flugt, som er nærmest den fysiske placering.

Brug p-koordinaterne her fra siden!

Billedhugger Gerda Thune Andersen fortæller om mindepladerne:

"Da jeg fik opfordringen til at komme med forslag til disse 7 fliser, vidste jeg straks at det skulle være jødiske symboler.
Her kunne jeg gå to veje, enten 7 forskellige jødiske symboler, så som Torarullerne, Den syvarmede lysestage etc. Eller 7 forskellige Magan David = Davidstjerner.

Jeg valgte den sidste løsning ud fra den betragtning at fliserne, når de lå i gadeplanet skulle kunne opfattes fra forskellige vinkler. Havde jeg valgt et symbol kunne disse kun læses fra een vinkel. Min ide er, at man straks, også som ikke jøde, skal kunne identificere stjernen i billedet, samt den hebræiske tekst som noget jødisk. Og at man ved hjælp af sin smartphone kan scanne en QR kode og læse hvad historien bag netop denne flise er."

God fornøjelse!

English (descriptions further down on the page)

This tour shows places where we commemorate the escape of the Jews in 1943 from Gilleleje to Sweden.

There are 7 memorial plaques placed around the city showing places with special significance for the escape of the Jews - in addition, there are a number of other memorials, of which I have selected 3.

You will get the coordinates for this bonus when you reach the waypoint on the two Lab series, Jødernes Flugt (Escape of the Jews), that is closest to the physical location.

Please use the parking coordinates from this site!

Sculptor Gerda Thune Andersen says about the memorial plaques:

"When I was asked to come up with suggestions for these 7 tiles, I immediately knew that they should be Jewish symbols. Here I could go two ways, either 7 different Jewish symbols, such as the Torah scrolls, the seven-branched candlestick, etc. Or 7 different Magan David = Stars of David.

I chose the latter solution based on the consideration that the tiles, when they were in the street level, should be able to be perceived from different angles. If I had chosen a symbol, these could only be read from one angle. My idea is that even as a non-Jew, you should immediately be able to identify the star in the picture, as well as the Hebrew text, as something Jewish. And that you can use your smartphone to scan a QR code and read the story behind this particular tile."

Enjoy!

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Mere historie, som ikke kunne være i de forskellige waypoints - rækkefølgen er mere eller mindre tilfældig:

Gilleleje Kirke

Yivarechecha - (Herren) Velsigne dig og bevare dig

Hør lydfilen: "En frygtelig dag for hele Gilleleje By" (MP3)

EN FRYGTELIG DAG FOR HELE GILLELEJE BY

Kjeldgaard Jensen var sognepræst i Gilleleje Kirke. Tidligt i oktober blev han og hans kone ringet op af Pastor Bartholdy fra København, der fortalte om de mange jøder, som ville drage mod byen.
På konfirmationssøndagen, den 3. oktober prædikede han om kirkens pligt til at protestere mod jødeforfølgelser. Han stillede senere kirkens loft til rådighed som skjulested, da de mange flygtninge ankom til byen.

EMBEDSBOG FOR GILLELEJE KIRKE

5. 10. 1943 blev en frygtelig Dag for hele Gilleleje By. Den dag iværksatte de okkuperede Myndigheder en Razzia her i Byen efter Jøder. Denne gentoges de følgende Dage og mange kendte og ukendte Jøder (man regner sikrest med 12-1300 Mennesker) samledes her i Byen hos private og desværre også på Kirkeloftet og i Menighedshuset. Disse Lokaler blev nemlig stormet af Gestapo og det tyske Politi.

Forinden havde Undertegnede Sognepræst gentagne gange været på Loftet for at trøste og yde Hjælp i den fortvivlede Situation. Velsagtens 100 Jøder blev ført til Horserød, hvorfra de siden er afrejst – hvorhen? Underskrevet Kjeldgaard Jensen

Kjeldgaard Jensen og hans kone blev tvunget til at gå under jorden. Begivenhederne natten mellem den 6. og 7. oktober mærkede præsten for livet. Han følte sig personligt ansvarlig for de mennesker, der blev taget af Gestapo i hans kirke, og de traumatiserende begivenheder under krigen blev årsagen til hans tidlige død i 1952.

Strandbakkerne

Shadday - Herren den Almægtige

Hør lydfilen: "Den første overfart" (MP3)

DEN FØRSTE OVERFART

Det var kendt i Gilleleje at manufakturhandler Tage Jacobsen havde en stærk antinazistisk holdning. I vinduerne til forretningen var ophængt satiriske og antinazistiske illustrationer, kort over fronten og en tegning i det engelske flyvevåbens farver. Det var noget, der blev lagt mærke til blandt sommergæsterne.
Derfor opsøgte den jødiske familie Kublitz den 29. september 1943 Tage Jacobsen for at få forbindelse med en fisker, der ville sejle dem til Sverige. Jacobsen inviterede dem indenfor i sit hus, da der var indlogeret tyske soldater på hotellet, hvor man ellers havde tænkt sig at søge midlertidigt logi.
Om aftenen fik Tage Jacobsen kontakt til fiskeren Niels Clausen, der lod sig overtale til at sejle. Børnene fik sovepiller, og Clausen samlede familien op med sin båd VITO ved badebroen på Strandbakkerne øst for Gilleleje. Familien blev sejlet sikkert til Höganäs, og Clausen vendte hjem til Gilleleje i de tidlige morgentimer den 30. september.
Det var den første transport af jøder til Sverige fra Gilleleje.

Gilleleje Station

Hatikva - Håbet

Hør lydfilen: "Gilleleje Station" (MP3)

Det var også tilfældet et par gange på Gribskovbanen, hvor mange jøder stod af i Pårup, lige før Gilleleje.
Tirsdag aften den 5. oktober rejste flere hundrede flygtninge fra København med Nordbanen-Gribskovbanen via Hillerød. Afgang fra Hovedbanen kl.17.19, ankomst til Gilleleje kl.19.36. I Hillerød blev der koblet ekstra vogne til Gribskovbanens tog, som fik i alt 314 passagerer. De sad eller stod så tæt, at de knapt kunne røre sig. Det sparsomme elektriske lys kastede et gustent skær over dem, og udenfor silede regnen ned ad vinduerne.
Da de kom til Gilleleje Station blev de afhentet og bragt i skjul indtil de kunne komme over til Sverige.
Der var jøder skjult i sommerhuse, i byen, i butikslokaler og i garager, på lofter, på bådebyggeriet, vandværket, bryggeriet. På Søborggaard, Saksegård, og mange andre steder inde i landet. Også Esbønderup Sygehus blev brugt som skjulested.

Manufakturhandleren på Østergade

Mitsvah - Etisk og moralsk bud (pligt)

Hør lydfilen: "Nu er det vist alvorligt" (MP3)

NU ER DET VIST ALVORLIGT

Grosserer D. Kublitz var jøde og bosiddende i København. Han havde været på ferie i Gilleleje, hvor han havde set en antinazistisk vinduesudstilling i Tage Jacobsens manufakturhandel;

Den 28. september så man lastbiler i København med Gestapo-folk, og vi tænkte; nu er det vist alvorligt. Den 29. om morgenen pakkede vi en kuffert med lidt børnetøj - børnene var 1 og 4 år - og så tog vi til banegården, og det blev til, at vi tog til Gilleleje for at se, om Tage Jacobsen kunne hjælpe os over til Sverige.Vi snakkede lidt frem og tilbage om det, så siger fru Clausen til sin mand; ”Niels, du har mange gange sagt, at skulle mennesker komme i nød, så ville du prøve at hjælpe dem. Nu har du lejlighed til at vise, du kan hjælpe","Ja, siger han, det vil jeg prøve."

Menighedshuset

Zachor - Du skal huske denne dag

Hør lydfilen: "Og så blev alle jøderne taget" (MP3)

OG SÅ BLEV ALLE JØDERNE TAGET

Fini Andersen blev involveret i modstandsarbejdet omkring Fredensborg midt i krigen. Han deltog bl.a. i modtagelsen af nedkastede engelske våben i Gribskov, og da jøderne flygtede i oktober 1943, hjalp han også til med de illegale transporter.

Om aftenen den 6. oktober var Fini Andersen i Menighedshuset på Hovedgaden i Gilleleje sammen med de jøder, som blev skjult her, da skonnerten Flyvbjerg havde været nødt til at sejle over hals og hoved, fordi et falskt tilråb sagde, at tyskerne var på vej til havnen.

Der var jeg ved at få en kugle i ryggen, for vi sad jo så der oppe (i menighedsrådshuset red.), og så stundede det til og blev mørkt. Og så så vi pludselig - på den anden side af vejen, da vi kigger ud af vinduet - der holder en bil med lys på. Der var jo ikke så mange biler på det tidspunkt, så vi tænkte, at det var lidt mærkeligt, og måtte undersøge det. Vi går så ud af bagdøren og ud af Fyrstien, og da vi går ud af den bagdør går tyskerne ind af fordøren. Vi havde lov til at gå der åbenlyst, så vi gik forbi tyskerne og så at det var en tysk vogn, og der lå en med et maskingevær nede under vognen. Og så blev alle jøderne taget.

Medlemmerne af Fini Andersens modstandsgruppe var heldige, og gik uskadte gennem krigen, til trods for flere episoder, hvor tyskerne nær havde opdaget dem.

Staldloftet på Østergade

Hagadeta - Du skal fortælle det til dit barn

Hør lydfilen: "Staldloftet på Østergade" (MP3)

Den samme nat, hvor flygtningene fra kirkeloftet blev fanget, lå næsten ligeså mange mennesker gemt på et andet loft, mindre end 100 meter derfra. Men, de var heldigere; Gestapo fandt dem ikke, omend faren for opdagelse var overhængende.
Dette skjulested var staldloftet hos vognmand Kaj Olsen. Olsens ejendom ligger på Østergade mellem Lille og Store Strandstræde og består af tre længer i u-form omkring gården.
I krigens tid stod der heste i stalden – stod og sparkede, som en af flygtningene har fortalt. Ad en smal stejl stige kom man op på loftet, der var 8 gange 5 meter. Flygtningene var nogen af de ulykkelige, der ikke nåede ombord, da M.A.Flyvbjerg sejlede onsdag middag.
Først fandt de skjulested hos sognerådsformand A. Chr. Petersen, hvis hus lå på Havnevej overfor Stejlepladsen. De fik mad og opholdt sig nogen timer i Petersens stuer, men skjulestedet var for udsat, og de blev ført videre ad den lille smøge til Olsens stald.
Her tilbragte de et døgn, der ikke var særlig behageligt. Der var nogenlunde varmt over hestene, men de kunne ikke forlade stedet, højst kunne nogle vove sig ned i stalden for at forrette deres nødtørft. De turde kun hviske sammen og avner fik de overalt i tøj og hår.
En høj, lidt fyldig herre havde humøret i behold og søgte at holde humøret oppe hos dem alle.

Gilleleje Havn

Mazal - Held/Lykke

Hør lydfilen: "Fiskerne i Gilleleje" (MP3)

FISKERNE I GILLELEJE

I 1943 var Gillelejes fiskerflåde den næststørste i fiskeriområdet Helsingør med sine 27 kuttere og flere mindre ikke-registreringspligtige både. I flugtens første dage vægrede fiskerne sig ved at sejle jøder over på grund af risikoen for at blive opdaget og på trods af de ikke ubetydelige pengesummer, der kunne tjenes. Da de første transporter imidlertid gik let og problemfrit, blev flere fiskere efterhånden involveret i transporterne, og over en tredjedel af fiskerflåden endte med at sejle jødiske flygtninge til Sverige.

FLYVBJERG-EPISODEN

I Gilleleje havn lå ofte et antal vinddrivere fortøjet. Vinddrivere var sejlskibe, som ved rejse fra Jylland til København eller omvendt søgte ly i dårligt vejr.
Den 6. oktober lå mellem 20 og 30 vinddrivere i havnen og blandt dem Gunnar Flyvbjerg med sin skonnert M.A. Flyvbjerg. Om formiddagen blev Gunnar Flyvbjerg kontaktet af adjunkt Mogens Schmidt, som forelagde flygtningesituationen, og overtalte ham til en transport omkring middag, hvor Gestapo-folkene ville være i Helsingør. Omkring kl. 11 havde Flyvbjerg fået sin skonnert lagt til ved midtermolen, og rygtet om det store skib spredte sig i byen. Hurtigt begyndte forskellige grupper af jøder samt deres hjælpere at søge mod molen. Synet af hundredvis af flygtninge, som skyndte sig igennem byen gjorde stort indtryk på alle, som oplevede det. På havnen opstod forvirring og en meget anspændt stemning, som ledte til dannelsen af et rygte om tyskernes ankomst. I mængden blev der råbt: ”Tyskerne kommer! Tyskerne kommer”, og det fik Flyvbjerg til at lægge fra og sejle mod Höganäs i utide.
Flere familier blev splittet, da skibet pludseligt forlod molen, og Flyvbjerg selv fik ikke den aftalte betaling.

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More history that couldn't be in the different waypoints - the order is more or less random:

Gilleleje Church

Yivarechecha - May the Lord bless you and protect you

Listen to the audioguide: "A terrible day for all of Gilleleje" (MP3)

A TERRIBLE DAY FOR ALL OF GILLELEJE

Kjeldgaard Jensen was the parish priest of Gilleleje. In early October 1943, he and his wife received a phone call from a Reverend Bartholdy in Copenhagen. He told them about the many Jewish refugees that would soon be arriving in Gilleleje. On Confirmation Sunday, 3 October, he gave a sermon in which he outlined the duty of the church to object to the persecution of the Jews. He would later willingly make the church loft available as a hiding place for the many refugees that came to the village.

CHURCH RECORDS OF GILLELEJE (SIGNED BY KJELDGAARD JENSEN)

5 October 1943 was a terrible day for all of Gilleleje. This was the day the German occupation forces carried out a raid looking for any Jews in the village. This was repeated during the following days, and many known and previously [unknown] Jews (estimated at 1200–1300) had taken refuge here – both in private houses and, unfortunately, also in the church loft and parish hall. Unluckily for us, the Gestapo and police forces stormed these premises. I, the undersigned parish priest, had been up in the loft on numerous occasions to help and give comfort in the desperate situation that had unfolded. Probably 100 Jews were taken to Horserød Prison Camp, from which they have since left – but for where? …

Kjeldgaard Jensen and his wife were forced to go into hiding. The events that occurred during the night between 6 and 7 October left the priest scarred for the rest of his life. He felt a personal responsibility for the people who had been captured in his church, and the traumatizing events during the war were a major factor leading to his premature death in 1952.

Strandbakkerne (Beach)

Shadday - God Almighty

Listen to the audioguide: "The first evacuation" (MP3)

THE FIRST EVACUATION

Everyone in Gilleleje knew that draper Tage Jacobsen was an adamant opponent of the Nazis. During the war, he hung satirical and anti-Nazi illustrations, maps of the frontlines and a drawing in the colours of the Royal Air Force in the windows of his shop. Summer guests to the small fishing village noticed this. This was why the Jewish Kublitz family sought out Tage Jacobsen on 29 September 1943 – wishing to get in contact with a fisherman who would sail them to Sweden.

Tage advised the family to stay at his house, because there were German soldiers staying at the hotel in the village, where the family had intended to sleep. That night, Tage contacted the fisherman Niels Clausen, who was persuaded to sail the family to Sweden on his boat. The children were given sleeping pills, and Clausen picked up the family by the pier at Strandbakkerne, east of Gilleleje. He returned during the early morning hours of 30 September.

This was the first evacuation of Jews to Sweden from Gilleleje.

Gilleleje Station

Hatikva - The hope

Listen to the audioguide: "Gilleleje Station" (MP3)

This was also the case a couple of times on the Gribskov railway, where many Jews got off in Pårup, the stop before Gilleleje. The evening of Tuesday, 5 October, several hundred refugees travelled from Copenhagen by the Nordbanen and Gribskov railway via Hillerød.

The train departed from the Copenhagen Central Station at 17:19 and was to arrive in Gilleleje at 19:36. Extra cars were coupled to the train in Hillerød, which carried 314 passengers. They sat or stood so tightly packed that they could barely move. The dim electric light cast an eerie glow over them, and rain poured down the windows.
When they arrived at Gilleleje Station, they were picked up and hidden until they could travel to Sweden.

There were Jews hidden in summer cottages in Gilleleje, in shops and garages, in lofts, shipyards, the waterworks and the brewery, at Søborggaard, Saksegård and many other places inland.
Esbønderup Hospital was also used as a hiding place.

Tage Jacobsen's Draper Shop in Østergade

Mitsvah - Ethical and moral command (duty)

Listen to the audioguide: "Now this is getting serious" (MP3)

NOW THIS IS GETTING SERIOUS

D. Kublitz was a Jewish wholesale merchant living in Copenhagen. He had been on holiday in Gilleleje, where he had noticed an anti-Nazi display in the window of Tage Jacobsen’s shop:

"On 28 September, trucks full of Gestapo officers were seen in Copenhagen, and we thought:
now this is getting serious. The next morning we packed a suitcase with a few children’s clothes – our children were just 1 and 4 years old – and headed to the Central Station. We ended up going to Gilleleje to see whether Tage Jacobsen could help us get across to Sweden. We talked for a while, and suddenly Mrs. Clausen said to her husband: Niels, you have often said that you would try to help people in need. Now you have an opportunity to show that you can help. He said “Yes – I’ll try."

The Parish House

Zachor - Commemorate this day

Listen to the audioguide: "Then all the Jews were arrested" (MP3)

THEN ALL THE JEWS WERE ARRESTED

Fini Andersen became involved in the Resistance movement in the Fredensborg area around the middle of the war. He facilitated weapon drops from the British Royal Air Force by parachute into the Gribskov Woods. When the Jews fled in October 1943, he also aided the illegal evacuations.

On the evening of 6 October, he was in the parish hall on the main street of Gilleleje along with some of the Jews who had not made it aboard the schooner M.A. Flyvbjerg when it had weighed anchor so abruptly because someone in the crowd shouted that the Germans were in the harbour. That’s when I nearly got a bullet in the back, because we were sitting up there [in the parish hall] and then it got dark. Suddenly we could see a car with its lights on – across on the other side of the road when we looked outside the window. There weren’t that many cars at that time, so we thought it was a bit strange, so we decided to take a look. Just as we left by the back door and followed the lighthouse path, the Germans entered through the front door. Obviously, it wasn’t forbidden to walk there, so we walked right past the Germans and saw that it was a German car with a machine gun set up underneath. That was when all the Jews were arrested.

The members of Fini Andersen’s resistance group were lucky, getting through the war unharmed despite several episodes in which German soldiers nearly discovered them.

The Hayloft in Østergade

Hagadeta - You must explain to your children

Listen to the audioguide: "The Hayloft in Østergade" (MP3)

The same night in which the refugees from the Church loft were captured, nearly as many people were hidden in another loft less than 100 metres away.
But they were luckier: the Gestapo did not find them, although the risk of being found was very high.
This hiding place was the hayloft above the stables of haulier Kaj Olsen in Østergade between Lille Strandstræde and Store Strandstræde and comprises three wings in a U shape around the garden. During the war, there were horses in the stables, and some of the refugees said that they were kicking. Access to the hayloft, which was 8 by 5 metres, was via a narrow, steep ladder.
The refugees here were among the unlucky ones who did not make it onboard when the M.A. Flyvbjerg left for Sweden on Wednesday afternoon. They first hid at the house of A. Christian Petersen, the head of the parish council, whose house was on Havnevej across from Stejlepladsen.
They ate and stayed a few hours in A. Christian Petersen’s living room, but this hiding place was too risky, and they were led further along the little alley to Olsen’s stables. They stayed there for 24 hours, and this was not very comfortable. It was somewhat warm above the horses, but they could not leave the hayloft except a few very briefly to relieve themselves. They had to whisper and got chaff all over their clothes and hair. A tall, slightly stout man remained in a good mood and tried to keep everyone’s spirits up.

The Harbour

Mazal - Luck and fortune

Listen to the audioguide: "Fishermen in Gilleleje" (MP3)

FISHERMEN IN GILLELEJE

By 1943, the 27-strong fishing fleet of Gilleleje was the next largest in the Helsingør region, not to mention several unregistered boats. During the first days of the evacuation, fishermen were cautious about sailing Jews across the Öresund, because of the risk of detection, even though they stood to earn often quite large amounts of money in the process. But since the first trips across were uneventful and without any hitches, more and more fishermen became involved in the transport until more than one third of the fleet ended up being actively involved in sailing Jewish refugees to Sweden.

THE FLYVBJERG EPISODE

Several sailing ships often lay anchored up in Gilleleje harbour, as they often did in the advent of bad weather on such trips as from Copenhagen to Jylland. On 6 October 1943, 20–30 sailing ships were anchored in the harbour, and among these was Captain Gunnar Flyvbjerg with his schooner M.A. Flyvbjerg.
Captain Flyvbjerg had been contacted by that morning by lecturer Mogens Schmidt, who had informed him of the refugees’ current plight and convinced him to transport a group of Jews at noon that day – when the Gestapo would be in Helsingør.
Around 11:00, Flyvbjerg docked his schooner at the pier in the middle of the harbour, and the rumour of the arrival of a large schooner soon spread through the village. In no time at all, various groups of Jews with their helpers ran towards the harbour. The sight of hundreds of refugees hurrying through the village left a lasting impression on everyone who witnessed it. A sense of confusion and a rather tense atmosphere soon developed in the harbour, and this gave rise to rumours of the impending arrival of the Germans.
The crowd suddenly shouted “The Germans are coming!”, and this caused Flyvbjerg to suddenly disembark. Several families were left divided when the schooner unexpectedly left the pier and Flyvbjerg himself did not receive the agreed payment. In total, 187 Jews.