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The mottled umber

Erannis defoliaria

The mottled umber (Erannis defoliaria) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is common throughout much of the Palearctic region. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1759.

Distribution

The species can be found in western Europe from northern Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, then east to the Caucasus, northern Iran, Russia, Russian Far East, and Ussuri.

Description

The female of this species is wingless and rather spider-like and can be found on the trunks and stems of its larval food plants. She is white or yellow-and-black patched. The male is fully winged (wingspan 40–45 mm) and very variable. The ground colour of the forewing is pale yellow or light yellow ochre and suffused dark grey. The basal and distal fasciae are dark brown. The basal fascia is bordered on the inner side by a brown cloud; the distal fascia has a brown cloud on the outer edge. There is also a brown cloud along the costa. There are two dark brown oblong spots in the upper half of the terminal area. The hindwing is grey white with grey suffusion. There is a grey-black discal spot on both wings. There are numerous and significant deviations from this colour pattern and some specimens are very dark. Truly melanic forms are also frequent. As with the peppered moth, the darker forms tend to be prevalent in industrial areas.

Biology

The adults have been recorded from September to December in the Great Britain and Ireland. Males are attracted to light.

The larva is also variable from cream to dark brown. It feeds on a wide variety of trees and shrubs (see list below) and can be a serious pest in orchards. The species overwinters as an egg.

Larval food plants include,

• apple (Malus species)
• birch – silver (Betula pendula), downy (Betula pubescens)
• blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
• dog rose (Rosa canina)
• elm (Ulmus species)
• field maple (Acer campestre)
• hawthorn – midland (Crataegus laevigata) common (Crataegus monogyna)
• hazel (Corylus avellana)
• hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)
• oak – sessile (Quercus petraea), pedunculate (Quercus robur)
• sallow – (Salix species) including goat (Salix caprea)
• Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
• sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa)
• sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus)

source of information: wikipedia

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Pakkasmittari

Erannis defoliaria

 

Pakkasmittari

 

Tuntomerkit

Levätessään näyttää kolmiomaiselta. Koiraan väri ja kuviointi voivat vaihdella. Naaras on pohjaväriltään kermanvärinen ja mustapilkullinen. Se on lähes siivetön. Toukalla on ruskea selkä ja keltaiset kyljet. Koiraan siipien kärkiväli 32-43 mm.

Elinympäristö ja elämäntavat

Lentelee lehtimetsissä, etenkin tammimetsät ovat sen elinalueita. Toisinaan hakeutuu hedelmätarhoihin, koska toukkien ravintokasveja ovat lehtipuut, myös omenapuu. Naaras kapuaa syksyllä munimaan puiden oksille. Talvehtii munana.

Milloin voi havaita

Lentoaika syyskuun puolivälistä lokakuun loppuun.

Merkitys puutarhassa

Tarkkaile. Jos toukkia on runsaasti pienissä tammien tai omenapuiden taimissa, ne voi poistaa käsin. Syksyllä voi laittaa liima-renkaan puun tyvelle estämään naaraan kiipeämisen munimaan.

Lähde: otokkatieto.fi

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