豐年祭（年祭、月見祭）是台灣原住民阿美族古老傳統的一項祭祀活動，中文普遍稱呼為豐年祭，又可分為Ilisin（伊利幸）、Malalikid（馬拉里基）、Kilumaaan（齊魯馬安）[1]，其日期為阿美族曆法的年尾。Ilisin是阿美語豐年祭的主流稱呼，除原鄉外更常見於都市豐年祭。lisin在阿美語當中表示禁忌，豐年祭意為進入禁忌期。在傳統上豐年祭舉行時間長達一個月，台灣日治時期日本人稱之為「月見祭」，中華民國接管臺灣後改稱「豐年祭」延續至今，在當代已是多數人對阿美族祭典認知的統稱。傳說原有兩兄弟馬耀（Mayaw）與烏納（Onak），兩兄弟常與父親上山學習採集與狩獵。按照當地風俗，男子需要能夠獵首才會受人尊敬，但是父親遲遲找不到機會讓兩兄弟練習。為了讓兩名兒子能夠受人尊敬，父親決定製造機會讓馬耀與烏納能砍下自己首級來贏得族人的信任。兩兄弟父親在一次上山的機會跑到了提供部落飲水的河川上游，故意將河水變得十分混濁不能飲用，然後下山命令兩兄弟去取水。馬耀與烏納走到河邊，發現河水變得十分骯髒不能飲用便回家告知父親；父親說一定是上游有人在搗亂，要兒子上山去取那個搗亂者的首級。馬耀與烏納聽從父親的指示，帶著番刀上山。在兒子出門之後，父親便跑到山上裝成搗亂者。當馬耀與烏納抵達河川上游時，果然看見一名男子背對著他們正在擾亂河水。馬耀與烏納按照父親的指示砍下了搗亂者的腦袋，但當他們拿起搗亂者的腦袋時赫然發現這個搗亂者正是他們的父親。砍下父親腦袋的馬耀與烏納十分慌張，卻也不知如何是好，便將父親的腦袋帶回家放置在家屋前的屋架上，並每年以公鹿祭祀。至今便演變成豐年祭。豐年祭正式開始會由頭目以及祭司到發祥地進行迎靈儀式，過程中忌諱女性進入。迎靈結束後及舉行敬老宴巴嘎拉難，此時老者會視部落青年表現進行分食，被呼喚到的青年可以得到長者給予的豬肉，表示對部落貢獻的獎賞，青年們以視為榮譽。然後由青年將祖靈迎至活動會場開始為期四天的豐年祭。第一天為豐年祭正式開始，奇美部落的青年會在這天來到太巴塱報訊息，這天晚上為太巴塱的迎新之夜，目的為迎接遠到的貴客。第二天進行巴魯罵，意為在家裡開會，各階層會各自選擇階層中某位成員的家進行巴魯罵，期間由階層中的領導嘎嘎侯樓（kaka holol）帶領進行馬力古達（malikuta）的訓練[4]，若階級中有去世者，則會到喪家進行除喪慰問儀式。第三天白天部落會進行青年競技，以檢視部落青年的體能。晚上舉行情人之夜，部落適婚女性會由母親帶領挑選將來的配偶，女孩子若有喜歡的對象，可以主動上前拉男生身上背著的情人袋並塞入檳榔，如果男生也有意的話就將情人袋遞給女生背並邀請女生進入馬力古達所圍的圓圈。第四天部落階層會再次舉行巴魯罵，結束之後會進入部落的重頭戲百林慕，此時部落的女性會攜帶家中珍藏的酒，在活動當中敬酒給自己的丈夫或是對家裡有貢獻的人，以慰勞一整年的辛勤。活動的最後一天部落各階層會舉行馬力阿拉以做總結，這一天部落各階層會尋找一靠近水源的地方，進行開齋以及相互潑水，祈求去除一整年的壞運。
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Ami's Harvest Festival is a festival celebrated by the Amis, one of the twelve ethnic groups which are recognized by the Taiwan government. The population is about 170,000, making it one of the largest ethnic groups.[1] The Amis celebrate many small and larger festivals and ceremonies through the year. All the festivals and ceremonies pertain to significant aspects of the Amis culture and identity. The “Harvest Festival”, also known as the “Harvest Ceremony”, is the most important festival for indigenous tribes in Taiwan[2][citation needed] and it is held to celebrate the harvest. The ceremony lasts approximately seven days. The “Harvest Festival” is held during July, August, and September. Normally, different tribes will select different times to celebrate in the same area. Previously, the main purpose of the festival was to pray to the ancestral gods to bless successfully harvested crops, and to wish for a bumper grain harvest, growth of population and stock breeding in the coming year. After the rituals, people gather for dinner, dancing, a camp-fire party and games.[3] Currently, besides the worship of ancestors and gods, the celebration of the Harvest Festival is also an important program to attract the increasing number of tourists.Amis Harvest Festival is held on the full moon day after the autumn harvest. In the past, in order to celebrate the harvest of millet, the ceremony was held after the reaping of the millet. Since rice has become the main crop for Amis, now the ceremony is held after the gathering of rice. The Amis in the Taitung area celebrates in lunar July; the one in Hualien area celebrates in lunar August. The characteristics of celebration for different tribes are varied, and the duration for celebration is also different from just one day for some tribes to seven days for other tribes. At that time, the men and women, the young and old wearing festival costumes, led by a singer, dance with hand in hand. The young Amis men and women will take singing and dancing as an important thing for them to choose their partners. When a girl finds a boy she likes, she will actively stand by the boy and dance with him. The Amis Harvest Festival has very important meaning in respecting their ancestors and creating new life. In tribes of Amis, men bear the important task of making sure their tribe is safe. Attending the adult ceremony is a major milestone for boys becoming adults. All men in the tribe are divided into six groups: children, adolescents, warriors, the fathers of the youth, elders and chieftains. Each group takes different responsibility in the tribe. In the party of the ceremony, the elder people sit in the middle and the youths will dance around the elders and propose a toast with the elders. The one who has the potential to be the next chief of the tribe will be selected through this activity.[4]
Cited from wiki, 交通部觀光局