臺灣犬 ，又稱臺灣土犬、福爾摩莎犬、國寶犬、高砂犬，臺灣犬是犬隻品種，屬於馴化動物，臺灣培育之犬科動物（不是原生種動物），最早起源自臺灣高海拔地區原住民飼養的獵犬，是南亞狩獵犬的後代。牠們非常適應台灣崎嶇不平的地形以及茂密的叢林，現在大多作為狩獵犬、護衛犬、特技犬、搜救犬、或者是陪伴犬[1]。在台灣清治時期，因由台灣原住民飼養，而被稱為番犬；後來在台灣日治時期的資料中，由於台灣原住民被稱為「高砂族」，也稱之為高砂犬。現今臺灣戰後時期則改叫為台灣土犬，以及打獵犬或簡稱土犬（Pariah Dog）[來源請求]。然而，因流浪進口犬種氾濫街頭及未嚴格實施寵物節育等因素，臺灣犬早已與外來犬種大量雜交，目前不易找到純度高的犬隻。1978至1980年間，日本名古屋大學太田克明教授率領的研究團隊，與臺灣大學畜牧系畜產研究室宋永義教授合作調查臺灣犬。該團隊發現西部平地已無法找到純種台灣犬，遂轉往山區調查，以中央山脈二十處原住民村落為調查點。在找到的160頭臺灣犬隻中，有46頭判定為一級純度。此項估計達到聯合國糧食及農業組織（FAO）世界生物保種監督警告系統所公布的瀕臨絕種動物標準[4]。而在1990年代，臺灣社會飼養臺灣犬漸成風潮，臺灣犬身價躍升，加上本地狩獵文化式微，對犬隻不再重視，使得山地部落及鄉間的臺灣犬被平地寵物商家大量購往都會區，供給一般大眾飼養[5]。 在2015年世界畜犬聯盟於義大利米蘭召開全球會員國大會上，台灣土狗通過70多個會員國代表投票，正式成為代表台灣的全球新興犬種之一，也正名為「台灣犬」（Taiwan Dog）。根據FCI對「台灣犬」的介紹指出，台灣犬是台灣馴化的犬種，屬於南亞狩獵犬的後裔，被過去中部山區居民稱為「賤民狗」（Pariah dog）。另外，也指出，此品種相當忠誠，過去是獵人在森林中的同伴，此品種在現代台灣則被飼養成守衛犬或陪伴犬[6]。
座標 Coordination
N24 59.152 E121 33.041
The Taiwan Dog The Taiwan Dog (Chinese: 台灣犬) is a breed of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan. These dogs are also known as the Formosan Mountain Dog, Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog (台灣土狗) or Takasago Dog (高砂犬). They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers. Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.[1][2] Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.[3] However, now the pureblooded Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government. There are two small types of the Formosan Mountain Dog; one is about 40 centimetres (16 in) tall at the shoulder and the other is around 30 centimetres (12 in). However, the latter one was not found during the research conducted by Dr. Sung Yung-yi (宋永義) in 1976. The medium type of the Formosan Mountain Dog has a shoulder height under 50 centimetres (20 in), with a firm and fit body, slim waist, big chest and half-covered ears. The most common type of these three in recent years is the medium-sized dog. Its color can range from black to earthy yellow or yellowish-brown and the nose is black. Black coating on the tongue is one of the most distinguished traits of the Formosan Mountain Dog.[3] Dr. Sung of the National Taiwan University and Mr. Ming Jie, Xu of the Formosan Dog & Guard Dogs Breeding Center (台灣犬護衛犬繁殖中心) described a typical Formosan as having almond eyes, firm jaw strength, black coating on the tongue, a triangular face, thin prick ears and a sickle tail. The tail is upright or curved with a thick fur coat, but the belly is hairless; the tail is used to warm the belly and may even be long enough to protect the snout from insects. The dog is also well known for being well-balanced.[4][5]
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