Dolines of Velika Planina 🇸🇮 EarthCache
Hidden : 10/10/2020
Difficulty:
1.5 out of 5
Terrain:
1.5 out of 5

Size: Size: other (other)

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Geocache Description:


🇬🇧
Velika planina is a karstified mountain plateau in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps northeast of Kamnik, Slovenia. It measures 5.8 square kilometres and has an average elevation of 1,500 metres above sea level. Its highest point is Mount Gradišče, at 1,666 m. There are numerous herders' dwellings that comprise several settlement areas.

A) There are two different mechanisms for the forming of dolines:

Solution
The corrosive solution of limestone by rainwater is very high in the area of crack, allowing the water to run into the rock. This normally forms the bowl-shaped type of dolines.
The solution produces large amounts of clay (depending on the pureness of the limestone). This clay is water resistant and sometimes plugs the drainage, so little lakes of rain water can sometimes be found in dolines, a rare thing in waterless karst areas.

Collapse
When a cave grows, there may be a point where the roof of a cavern is not stable enough. This results in (several) collapses that shape the roof like a dome. This process runs out, when the shape is able to hold the weight of overlying rocks.
If the impact of this collapse reaches the surface, if the overlying layers are too thin. The ceiling collapses and a doline is formed. The doline is often a natural entrance to the cave.

B) There are six types of doline (from Waltham et al, 2005):







C) Typical forms may be:

1. Bowl: width ten times greater than the depth, edges slightly bowed, and plan ground
2. Funnel: diameter two to three times the depth, edges and steep and narrow bottom
3. Cauldron: width, depth and bottom sizes are similar

Questions to be answered in order to log the Earthcache:

1. Which was the mechanism of formation of this doline? What type of doline is it? Justify your answer.
2. Have a look at the doline. What is the form of the doline? What do you think, describe the process of the formation of the doline as it is today.
3. How much did the surface at the bottom of the doline sink since the last ice age?


🇸🇮
Velika planina je ime zakrasele visokogorske planote v Kamniško-Savinjskih Alpah SSV od Kamnika, ki se razprostira na površini 5,8 km² in povprečni višini okoli 1500 mnm z najvišjim vrhom Gradišče, ki doseže višino 1666 mnm.
Velika planina, ki obsega Veliko, Malo in Gojško planino ter Dovjo in Veliko gričo, je največja visokogorska pašna planina na Slovenskem. Na njej so pastirji zgradili več pastirskih naselij s preko sto pastirskimi stanovi (kočami, bajtami) posebne oblike, ki so zaščitni znak planote.

A) Obstajata dva različna mehanizma za nastanek vrtača:

Raztopina
Jedka raztopina apnenca v deževnici je zelo visoka na območju razpok, kar omogoča, da voda steče v skalo. To običajno tvori skledaste vrste dolin.
Raztopina daje velike količine gline (odvisno od čistosti apnenca). Ta glina je vodoodporna in včasih zamaši drenažo, zato je v dolinah včasih mogoče najti majhna jezera z deževnico, kar je na kraških območjih brez vode redko.

Propadov
Ko jama zraste, lahko pride do točke, ko streha jame ni dovolj stabilna. Posledica tega je (več) propadov, ki oblikujejo streho kot kupola. Ta postopek se izteče, ko oblika zdrži težo prekrivnih kamnin.
Če vpliv tega kolapsa doseže površino, če so prekrivne plasti pretanke. Strop se poruši in nastane dolin. Dolina je pogosto naravni vhod v jamo.

B) Obstaja šest vrst vrtača (Waltham et al, 2005)







C) Poglej

1. Skledaste: širina desetkrat večja od globine, robovi rahlo upognjeni in dno tlorisa
2. Lijakaste: širina desetkrat večja od premera dva do trikrat večja od globine, robovi ter strmo in ozko dno večje od globine, robovi rahlo upognjeni in načrt dna
3. Kotlaste: širina, globina in velikost dna so podobne

Vprašanja:

1. Kateri je bil mehanizem nastanka te vrtača? Za katero vrsto vrtača gre? Utemeljite svoj odgovor.
2. Oglejte si vrtača. Kakšna je oblika vrtača? Kaj mislite, opišite postopek oblikovanja vrtača, kakršen je danes.
3. Koliko se je površina na dnu korita potopila od zadnje ledene dobe?


Sources: Sinkholes and Subsidence (Waltham et al, 2005); wikipedia.org; infoboard at the coordinates

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