This cache is part of an occasional series about Women in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). The cache is not located at the posted coordinates, though it’s not a coincidence that this location was selected for the posted location.
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 112 times to 224 individuals between 1901 and 2021. As with all Nobel Prizes, it can be awarded for one or two accomplishments and to as many as three people per year. Of the 224 laureates, a total of 12 (5.4%) have been women, with the earliest in 1947 and the most recent in 2015. Only once did two women share the prize the same year.
In alphabetical order, here is the list of women who are Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine:
- Françoise Barré-Sinoussi: discovery of human immunodeficiency virus
- Elizabeth H Blackburn: discovery of how chromosome are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase
- Linda B. Buck: discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system
- Gerty Theresa Cori: discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen
- Gertrude B. Elion: discoveries of important principles for drug treatment
- Carol W. Greider: discovery of how chromosome are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase
- Barbara McClintock: discovery of mobile genetic elements
- Rita Levi-Montalcini: discoveries of growth factors
- May-Britt Moser: discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain
- Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard: discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development
- Rosalyn Yalow: development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones
- Tu Youyou: discoveries concerning novel therapy against malaria
The cache can be found at N45° AB.CDE W122° FG.HIJ
Let AB = the number of years between the first and second female Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
Let C = the number of women who have won both the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award that is given to honor “outstanding work for the understanding, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and cure of disease”
Let D = the number of women who have received 100% of the prize share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine plus 1
Let E = the number of the women who have won both the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and the Shaw Prize that honors “individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have recently achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in academic and scientific research or applications, or who in other domains have achieved excellence.”
Let F = the number of the women who have won both the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and have earned the National Medal of Science, an honor bestowed by the US president to “individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge”
Let G = number of these women who were alive as of the date this cache was published
Let H = number of these women who graduated from medical school with an MD or DO degree
Let I = number of these women whose professional affiliation was outside of North America when they won the Nobel Prize
Let J = the last digit of the year in which the first US-born woman earned a Nobel Prize in a science field