Bell Island tilted sediment
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- [REQUIRED] Please post a photo in your log of yourself or a personal item at GZ to prove you visited the site.
- While standing at GZ, how many clear sedimentary layers do you see on Eastern Head (Waypoint 1 - N 47° 39.343 W 052° 54.838 )?
- When you look from east to west, are you seeing younger, or older layers on top?
Bell Island is close to the city of St. John's, and yet it stands apart from the rest of the province because of its remarkable geological makeup. The island is an unmistakable feature on the horizon of Conception Bay, standing over a hundred feet high with cathedral cliffs worn into folds like curtains. Dotted with sea caves flanked by massive sea stacks, the mesa-like sandstone of Bell Island is an anomaly in this Avalon region of mainly granite and shale.
There are several features of geological interest on Bell Island. The area called the Beach is surrounded by high cliffs of fine sandstone and shale. The fine sand contains flakes of mica, which makes the rock surfaces sparkle in certain angles of light. Along the top of the cobble beach, broken layers of dark, rusty brown siltstone are being eroded at the base of the grassy hill side. The siltstone fragments tumble down onto the grey, rounded beach cobbles.
The rock layers of the island span a significant period in the history of the Avalon zone. When the oldest layers along Bell Island Tickle formed, this part of Newfoundland was still part of the supercontinent Gondwana. The layers tilt toward the west. By the time the youngest layers on the bay side formed, continental rifting had wrenched Gondwana’s margin apart to open the Rheic ocean. On one side of the new ocean, a small, new continent, Avalonia, was formed. This created some of the youngest Avalon sediments on Bell Island.
The sedimentary rock cover of the continents of the Earth's crust is extensive at 73% of the Earth's current land surface, but sedimentary rock is estimated to be only 8% of the volume of the crust. Sedimentary rocks are only a thin veneer over a crust consisting mainly of igneous and metamorphic rocks. They are deposited in layers as strata, forming a structure called bedding. The rocks are often deposited in large structures called sedimentary basins.
The sedimentary rocks here are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles, followed by cementation, the process that causes these particles to settle in place. The particles that formed sedimentary rock are composed of minerals and biological organic matter. The minerals originated from weathering and erosion of existing rocks, or from the solidification of molten lava blobs erupted by volcanoes. The minerals are transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice or mass movement, which are called agents of denudation.