CHINGGIS KHAAN
Genghis Khan (c. 1162 – August 25, 1227)
Great Khan of the Mongol EmpireReign Spring 1206 – 25 August 1227Coronation Spring 1206 in a kurultai on the Onon River, Mongolia Successor Tolui (as regent)
Ogedei Khan
BornTemüjin
name of Genghis Khan
Mongolian: Чингис хаан Genghis Khan
[t͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋ]
Mongolian script: ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan Regnal NameGenghis Khan (成吉思皇帝)Posthumous NameEmperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu (法天啟運聖武皇帝)
His extraordinary military achievements made Genghis Khan one of the most important conquerors of all time, and by the end of the Great Khan's life, the Mongol Empire occupied a sizable portion of Central Asia and China. Genghis Khan and his history of conquest has a terrifying reputation in local history. Many medieval chroniclers and modern historians describe Genghis Khan's conquests as sweeping destruction on an unprecedented scale, leading to drastic population declines in some regions due to both mass extermination and famine. Estimates of the number of people who died as a result of Genghis Khan's military campaigns range from about four million in the most conservative estimates to sixty million in the most comprehensive historical accounts. On the other hand, for example, the Buddhist Uighur kingdom of Qocho considered him a liberator and voluntarily left the Qara Khitai empire to become Mongol vassals. Genghis Khan was also portrayed favorably by early Renaissance sources, out of respect for the wide spread of culture, technology and ideas along the Silk Road under the Mongol Empire.
Aside from his military achievements, Genghis Khan's civil achievements included the introduction of Mongolian law and the adoption of the Uyghur script as a writing system across his vast territories. He also practiced meritocracy and religious tolerance. Modern-day Mongolians consider him the founding father of Mongolia for uniting the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. By bringing the Silk Road into a cohesive political environment, he also greatly facilitated communication and trade between Northeast Asia, Muslim Southwest Asia and Christian Europe, boosting global trade and broadening the cultural horizons of all Eurasian civilizations of the time.
He was the founder and first Great Khan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which after his death became the largest contiguous empire in history. He came to power by uniting many nomadic tribes of the Mongolian steppes and was proclaimed the universal ruler of the Mongols, or Genghis Khan. With the tribes of Northeast Asia largely under his control, he launched the Mongol invasions that ultimately entailed the conquest of much of Eurasia and incursions by Mongol raiding parties as far south as Legnica in western Poland and Gaza in the south. He launched campaigns against Qara Khitai, Khwarezmia, the Western Xia and Jin dynasties during his lifetime, and his generals raided medieval Georgia, Circassia, Kievan Rus' and Volga Bulgaria.
(inspired by Wikipedia)
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