HR / BiH
Plivski vodopad se nalazi u gradu Jajcu, u centralnoj Bosni i Hercegovini, gdje se rijeka Pliva ulijeva u Vrbas. Ovo je jedini vodopad u svijetu koji se nalazi u centru grada i to ga čini specifičnim i jedinstvenim.
Krš:
Krš je izraz koji se koristi za nadzemne i podzemne oblike reljefa koji su nastali trošenjem otopine u karbonatnim stijenama te se odnosi na niz morfoloških, hidroloških i hidrogeoloških značajki terena koji su izgrađeni od stijena topivih u vodi. Glavnu ulogu u oblikovanju krškog reljefa imaju kemijski procesi. Dakako da se tu još uključuju tektonika i mehanički procesi, ali bez kemijskih procesa ne bismo govorili o krškome reljefu. Krški je reljef rezultat kemijskoga trošenja stijena Najvažniji uvjet za odvijanje procesa okršavanja jest topivost karbonatnih stijena u vodi. Te stijene doduše izgledaju vrlo čvrsto i otporno, ali voda ih nagriza. To se nagrizanje (kemijsko trošenje, korozija) ne događa na očigled, nego tijekom dugog niza godina.
Sedra:
Vodopad čine naslage sedre. Sedri je za nastanak potrebna voda koja sadrži kiselu vodu (ugljičnu kiselinu) i stijene koje sadrže vapnenac. Kamenac se otopi kiselom vodom i voda ga nosi stazom. Kada voda dođe do površine, tada se mijenja okoliš i vapno se taloži na površini kao stijena koja se naziva sedra. Postoje neke pojave formacija sedre kao što su: terase, poput vodopada ili poput kamenog oluka.
Sedra se formira tamo gdje krška voda dospijeva na površinu. Voda H2O i ugljikov dioksid CO2 zajedno grade H2CO3. Posljednji otapa vapno iz stijena koji se otapa u vodi s Ca(HCO3)2. Ca(HCO3)2 je deset puta lakše rastvorljiv u vodi nego CaCO3.
Zadatci za logiranje:
1. Opišite oblik i boju sedra.
2. Koja biljka je pomogla u formiranju ovog vodopada?
3. Procijenite visinu pada.
4. Uz vašu prijavu priložite fotografiju Vas, Vašeg GPS-a ili nadimka napisanog na papiru, dlanu, majici i slično.
Odgovore pošaljite preko profila na geocaching.com, a NE u Vašem logu! Ne morate čekati na potvrđivanje odgovora. Jednom kada pošaljete odgovore slobodno logirajte pronalazak ovog EarthCachea. Ako odgovori budu pogrešni mi ćemo kontaktirati Vas.
ENG
The Pliva waterfall is located in the town of Jajce, in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the Pliva river flows into the Vrbas. This is the only waterfall in the world that is located in the city center and that makes it specific and unique.
Karst::
Karst is a term used for over- and underground landforms which were formed by solution-weathering in carbonate rock and it is general term for group of morphological, hydrological and hydrogeological features of terrain that are built from rock soluble in water. Chemical processes have the main role in karst landscape formation. Tectonics and mechanical processes also have their role in karst formation, but without chemical processes there would be no karst landscape. Karst landscape is a result of chemical weathering of rocks. The most important requirement for karstification process is solubility of carbonate rocks in water. Although those rocks seem hard and sturdy, the water dissolves them. That process of chemical weathering and corrosion is a slow process and it happens over the large periods of time.
Tufa:
The waterfall is formed by tufa deposits. Tufa needs water which contains acidic water (carbon acid) and rock containing limestone for its formation. The limestone is solved by the acidic water and the water carries it along the trail. When the water reaches the surface, then the environment changes and the lime deposits at the surface as the rock called tufa. There are some appearances of tufa formations like: Terraces, like a waterfall or like a stone gutter.
Tufa is formed where karstic water reaches the surface. Water H2O and carbon dioxide CO2 together construct H2CO3. The last one solves the lime out of the rocks who solves in water with Ca(HCO3)2. Ca(HCO3)2 is ten times more easy to solve in water than CaCO3.
Logging tasks:
1. Describe formation and colour of tufa deposits at the waterfall.
2. Which plant do you think helped with the forming of this waterfall?
3. Estimate the height of the fall.
4. Attach a photo of you, your GPS or nickname written on paper, palm, t-shirt, etc.
Send answers via profile on geocaching.com, NOT in your log! You do not have to wait for your answers to be confirmed. Once you submit your answers feel free to log this EarthCache as found. If your answers are wrong we will contact you.