Vrtujak: Heretov vrtujak
Otok je golemi kamen u morskoj pučini. I ništa ne obilježava otočanima kao kamen u svoj svojoj surovoj ljepoti. Kroz tisućljeća ljudskog opstanka na našim otocima - pa tako i na Korčuli - kamen je, više od bilo čega drugog, obilježio kulturu i svakodnevnicu svojih žitelja. Ovdje, na grčkoj Korkyri, kamen su vadili stari Grci, potom Rimljani, Venecijanci i Hrvati. Teško je na našem otoku pronaći obitelj koja nije preživljavala od obrade kamena. U njemu su se izražavali vrsnih klesara i kipara naivaca, tih naših pjesnika kamena, kao i svjetski poznati kipari poput Frane Kršinića, Ive i Luje Lozice. Zadivljuje kako su siromašni ljudi ovog otoka imali snažnu potrebu izraziti liriku svoje duše u kamenu. Gradili su skladn, poštujući nagomilano znanje arhitektonske klasike od starogrčkih vremena i s namjerom da njihove kuće, crkve, grobnice, zidovi i rive traju neograničeno, isklesane u vječnom kamenu.
I onda kada su živjeli od obrade zemlje, naši su je stari otimali od kamena - šaku po šaku, mašklin po mašklin, gradeći od kamena stepenaste ogradice u koje bi nasipali škrtu zemlju. Taj kaskadni tip ogradica nerazdvojni je dio ljepote dalmatinskog krajobraza.
U toj ljepoti naše baštine manje je poznata i neistražena arhitektura poljskih kamenih skloništa građenih u suhozidu. Njihova funkcija je bila primarno gospodarska. U njima su se naši težaci sklanjali od kiše, ručali i odmarali, provodili s obitelji više dana, dok se teški težački posao ne završi.
Kamena skloništa su najmanji i najjednostavniji objekti vernakularne arhitekture
Vernakularna arhitektura je ona koju nisu gradili školovani stručnjaci, najveći umovi svojega vremena, već jednostavni ljudi, koji su arhitekturu također i upotrebljavali. Nisu imali samo teoretsko znanje, podatke su naslijedili kao baštinu koju su oplemenili svojim iskustvom. Zato je ta arhitektura najbliža samoj teoriji, ona utjelovljuje teoretske principe, koje ugrađuje u praksu. Moglo bi se reći: teorija prakse ili, ako hoćete, praksa teorije. Zbog toga je takva arhitektura nezamjetna, necijenjena, kao da bi bila dio prirode
Stoga je uvrštenje gradnje suhozida na UNESCO-ovu listu nematerijalne kulturne baštine izniman korak prema očuvanju ove tradicije, jer premda je nemoguće zaštiti sve suhozide, kamene objekte ili podzidane vinograde, pred nama je imperativ očuvanja znanja koja su se brusila stoljećima i njihova transfera na buduće generacije.
dr.sc. Mario Nobilo text
ENG
The island is a huge rock in the open sea. And nothing marks the islanders like stone in all its harsh beauty. Throughout the millennia of human existence on our islands - including on Korčula - stone, more than anything else, has marked the culture and everyday life of its inhabitants. Here, on the Greek island of Korkyra, the stone was quarried by the ancient Greeks, then by the Romans, Venetians and Croats. It is difficult to find a family on our island that did not survive from stone processing. Excellent masons and naive sculptors, our stone poets, as well as world-famous sculptors such as Frano Kršinić, Ivo and Luja Lozica expressed themselves in it. It is amazing how the poor people of this island had a strong need to express the lyrics of their soul in stone. They built harmoniously, respecting the accumulated knowledge of architectural classics since ancient Greek times and with the intention that their houses, churches, tombs, walls and waterfronts would last indefinitely, carved in eternal stone.
And then, when they lived from tilling the land, our ancestors took it from the stone - fistful by fistful, mašklin by mašklin, building step fences from stone into which they would pour the scarce earth. This cascading type of fence is an inseparable part of the beauty of the Dalmatian landscape.
Among the beauty of our heritage is the less known and unexplored architecture of Polish stone shelters built in dry stone. Their function was primarily economic. In them, our heavyweights took shelter from the rain, had lunch and rested, spent several days with their families, until the heavy heavyweight work was finished.
Stone shelters are the smallest and simplest objects of vernacular architecture
Vernacular architecture is that which was not built by trained experts, the greatest minds of their time, but by simple people, who also used architecture. They didn't just have theoretical knowledge, they inherited the data as a heritage that they refined with their experience. That is why this architecture is closest to the theory itself, it embodies theoretical principles, which it incorporates into practice. One could say: the theory of practice or, if you like, the practice of theory. This is why such architecture is imperceptible, unappreciated, as if it were part of nature
Therefore, including the construction of dry stone walls on the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage is an exceptional step towards the preservation of this tradition, because although it is impossible to protect all dry stone walls, stone buildings, or under-built vineyards, before us is the imperative to preserve the knowledge that has been honed for centuries and to transfer it to future generations. generations.
NAPOMENA: NE UNIŠTAVAJTE SUHOZIDE I SUHOGRADNJU VRTUJAKA!!!!
NOTE: DO NOT DESTROY DRY WALLS AND DRY BUILDING OF THE WHEELS!!!!