Ali veste, kje je Marovška zijalka - ledenodobno prebivališče pračloveka? Ja, v naših krajih – pred nosom! V Mačjem dolu v zahodnem delu vasi ob cesti, ki pelje iz naselja proti Primskovem.
Najbolj zanesljiv dokaz, da je v naših krajih živel človek že v ledeni dobi, so najdbe v Marovški zijalki. Jama je, kot je mogoče razbrati iz nadaljevanja, manj pomembna kot prebivališče pračloveka, saj v njej ni živel daljša naselitvena obdobja, ampak je bil tam pretežno med svojimi daljšimi lovskimi pohodi. Če povemo po domače – ko je bil v službi.
Pomembna pa je zaradi živalskih ostankov, ki so zaradi zelo redkih najdb v Sloveniji pa tudi v svetu prava posebnost. V plasteh, ki so jih odkopali, so našli tudi nekaj kamenega orodja ledenodobnega lovca, ki sodi v srednji paleolitik. Pračlovek jo je uporabljal za svoje lovske pohode. V tistih časih je bil lov pač služba človeka! S kmetijstvom se je začel ukvarjati mnogo kasneje.
Marovško zijalko so »odkrili« v začetku sedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja. Prej o njej nismo vedeli nič - ne domačini ne raziskovalci. Je na nadmorski višini 310 m in je nastala v razpokanem apnencu, ki za vasjo ob poti za Primskovo tvori strmo pobočje na zahodni strani gornjega dela naselja. V pleistocenskih plasteh Marovške zijalke je bilo odkritih več živalskih vrst, od katerih sta dve konec pleistocena izumrli, tri so se zaradi spremenjenih ekoloških pogojev odselile drugam, preostale pa še danes žive v okolici jame. Kameno orodje, zbrano v isti plasti, so prisodili srednjemu paleolitiku. Po mešani fosilni favni in kamenem orodju ledenodobnega človeka se sklepa, da so jamski sedimenti nastali v glacialu in se jih uvršča v starejši würm.«
V jami so našli ostanke ježa, kar je v Sloveniji redkost, saj so podobno najdbo našli samo še v jami v Parski golobini pri Pivki. Krt je bil pogosteje najden tudi v drugih jamah po Sloveniji. V zijalki so bili najdeni ostanki velikega voluharja, alpskega svizca, lisice in seveda jamskega medveda, jazbeca (tega so našli tudi v drugih jamah), medtem ko so ostanki divje mačke tudi drugod po Evropi redki. Pri nas je bil najden ostanek divje mačke samo še v Kanegri pri Sečovljah. Našli so tudi ostanke odraslega navadnega jelena in bizona. Ob najdbah gamsov je treba povedati, da le-ti živijo v visokogorju in so na to okolje prilagojeni. V zadnji ledeni dobi pa jih je poslabšanje klimatskih razmer prisililo, da so se spustili do nižin. Najdbe gamsov so sila redke. Pri nas je bil gams najden v Potočki in Marovški zijalki. Ostankov ptičev, ki so zelo slabo ohranjeni, in ostankov krastač niso posebej opisovali. Skupaj so v tej jami odkrili 487 različnih živalskih kosti in zob. Jamski medved in stepski bizon, ki sta bila najdena v zijalki, sta koncem pleistocena izumrla, tri živali – svizec, gams in divja mačka so se iz teh krajev odselili zaradi ekoloških sprememb, ostalih sedem (jež, krt, veliki voluhar, lisica, jazbec, navadni jelen, krastača) pa še danes živijo v širši okolici jame.
Iz tega kar vemo o Marovški zijalki in tudi o Marovški škaubi, se lahko utemeljeno trdi, da so bili za tedanje jamske lovce tukaj idealni pogoji. Po najdbah sodeč je bilo divjih živali v okolici precej, v votlino pa so se lahko zatekli pred slabim vremenom in zvermi. Vodo so imeli relativno blizu, v Marovški škaubi. Od ledenodobnega obdobja, ko je v jami prebival človek, pa do danes se najbrž okolica ni bistveno spremenila, razen da so namesto nekdanjega gozda danes njive in vas.
. (https://www.levstik.si/arhiv/2014/zijalka.html)
Do you know where the Marovška zijalka is - the Ice Age residence of prehistoric man? Yes, in our regions - right in front of our noses! In Mačji Dol, in the western part of the village, along the road that leads from the settlement towards Primskove.
The most reliable evidence that people lived in our region during the Ice Age are the finds in Marovška zijalka. As can be seen from the continuation, the cave is less important than the residence of the primitive man, since he did not live in it for a long period of settlement, but was there mainly during his longer hunting expeditions. To put it in the vernacular – when he was at work.
It is important because of the animal remains, which are a real specialty due to the very rare finds in Slovenia and in the world. In the layers that were excavated, they also found some stone tools of an Ice Age hunter belonging to the Middle Paleolithic. The primitive man used it for his hunting expeditions. In those days, hunting was a man's job! He started farming much later.
The Marovška zijalka was "discovered" at the beginning of the 1970s. Before, we knew nothing about it - neither locals nor researchers. It is at an altitude of 310 m and was created in cracked limestone, which forms a steep slope behind the village on the way to Primskovo on the western side of the upper part of the settlement. Several animal species were discovered in the Pleistocene layers of Marovška zijalka, two of which became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, three moved elsewhere due to changed ecological conditions, and the rest still live in the vicinity of the cave today. Stone tools collected in the same layer were assigned to the Middle Paleolithic. Based on the mixed fossil fauna and the stone tools of Ice Age man, it is concluded that the cave sediments were formed during the glacial period and are classified as an older würm."
The remains of a hedgehog were found in the cave, which is a rarity in Slovenia, as a similar find was only found in the cave in Parska golobina near Pivka. The mole was also found more often in other caves in Slovenia. The remains of a large vole, an alpine marmot, a fox and, of course, a cave bear, a badger (which were also found in other caves) were found in zijalka, while the remains of a wild cat are also rare elsewhere in Europe. In our country, the remains of a wild cat were found only in Kanegra near Sečovlje. They also found the remains of an adult red deer and a bison. When chamois are found, it must be said that they live in the highlands and are adapted to this environment. During the last ice age, however, worsening climatic conditions forced them to descend to the lowlands. Findings of chamois are extremely rare. In our country, chamois was found in Potočka and Marovška zijalka. The remains of birds, which are very poorly preserved, and the remains of toads were not specifically described. A total of 487 different animal bones and teeth were discovered in this cave. The cave bear and the steppe bison, which were found in zijalka, became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, three animals - marmot, chamois and wild cat - moved from these places due to ecological changes, the other seven (hedgehog, mole, great vole, fox, badger , red deer, toad) still live in the wider area of the cave today.
From what we know about the Marovška zijalka and also about the Marovška škauba, it can be reasonably argued that the conditions here were ideal for the cave hunters of that time. According to the finds, there were many wild animals in the area, and they could take refuge in the cave from bad weather and beasts. They had water relatively close, in Marovška škauba. From the Ice Age period, when man lived in the cave, to today, the surroundings have probably not changed significantly, except that instead of the former forest, today there are fields and a village. https://www.levstik.si/arhiv/2014/zijalka.html
S sabo imejte pisalo in pokrijte vsebnik, kot ste ga našli in kot da bi to bil vaš zaklad. Carry a pen with you and cover the container as you found it and as if it were your treasure
