Začetne koordinate vas popeljejo na travnik, kjer se lahko sprehodite in ogledate muzej na prostem s predstavitvijo kašč iz Tuhinjske doline.
Sprva so bile kašče enocelične in preproste stavbe za shranjevanje žita. Običajno so bile lesene, prekrite s slamo in le redke so bile zidane. Gradnja kašč je vrhunec dosegla med leti 1820 in 1850. Večinoma so bile dvocelične, pri čemer je prva celica služila za shranjevanje žita, druga pa za prekajene izdelke in drobnarije. Način gradnje je bil odvisen od velikosti posestva in ekonomskega položaja lastnika. Mnoge tuhinjske kašče so bile podkletene, pri čemer je bil spodaj lahko ovčji hlev ali letna klet za poljske pridelke.
Muzej na prostem v Kamniku ohranja in predstavlja nekatera kmečka gospodarska poslopja iz 18. in 19. stoletja, vključno s kaščami, sušilnico sadja, drobilko za sadje in vodnjakom, ki danes skorajda ne obstajajo več, včasih pa so imele pomembno vlogo na kmetiji. Kašča je bila dejansko srce vsake kmetije, do katere pa je imela ključe le gospodinja. V njej so kmetje shranjevali življenjsko pomembne pridelke, kot so žito, meso, klobase, mast, moka, zelje, ter kasneje tudi manjše orodje, seno, volno, obleke in domače obrtne izdelke. Marsikatera kašča je bila tudi podkletena, kjer je bil lahko ovčji hlev ali letna klet za poljske pridelke. Po drugi svetovni vojni so ljudje postopoma opustili kašče zaradi spremenjenega načina življenja in večje dostopnosti živil.
Velikost kašč je pogojeval gradbeni material - les (hrast, bukev), ki je v dolžino meril približno 8 metrov. Širina kašče je bila omejena zaradi nosilnosti in v večini primerov znaša do 4 metre. Oblika kašče je bila rezultat več osnovnih zahtev in pogojev. Po funkciji je bil to močno grajen in pred škodljivci, tatovi in meteorološkimi vplivi zaščiten prostor. Najstarejše dvokapne strehe kašč so bile praviloma krite z rženo slamo. Tudi notranjost je bila funkcionalno oblikovana.
V letih od 1968 do 1973 je etnologinja kamniškega muzeja Majda Fister s strokovno pomočjo ZSV Kranj in s Petrom Fistrom odkupila in prenesla iz Tuhinjske doline na plato pred muzejem štiri kašče, sušilnico in vodnjak. Vse te objekte so predhodno na mestu nastanka oštevilčili, izrisali in razstavili ter ponovno postavili na travniku pred dvorcem Zaprice v Kamniku. To je bila osnova za vzpostavitev muzeja na prostem. Leta 1986 so bile kašče razglašene za kulturni spomenik.
NALOGA
Za rešitev uganke si je potrebno ogledati objekte v muzeju na prostem in najti odgovore na naslednja vprašanja:
- A: Na koliko stebrih stoji streha lesenega vodnjaka na travniku? Rešitev je A
- B: Iz katerega stoletja je enocelična kašča iz vasi Zgornji Tuhinj? Druga številka je rešitev B
- C: Sušilnica sadja je iz začetka 20. stoletja. Število črk v imenu vasi iz katere izhaja sušilnica je rešitev C
- D: Najstarejša kašča je iz leta 1793. Iz katere vasi v Tuhinjski dolini izhaja ta kašča? Število črk v imenu vasi je rešitev D (Ta vas je močno povezana tudi z mano, saj sem svojo mladost preživel v njej).
- E: Iz katerega stoletja je vodnjak? Druga številka je rešitev E
- F: Od tu je lep razgled na stari del Kamnika imenovan Šutna. Koliko ur se vidi na zvoniku s tega mesta? Rešitev je F
N 46° 13.ABC
E 014° 36.DEF
Kontrolni izračun: A+B+C+D+E+F=27
The initial coordinates lead you to a meadow where you can take a walk and visit an open-air museum showcasing granaries from the Tuhinj Valley.
Initially, the granaries were single-cell and simple structures used for storing grain. They were typically made of wood, covered with straw, and only a few were made of stone. The construction of granary reached its peak between 1820 and 1850. Most of them were two-cell structures, with the first cell used for storing grain and the second for smoked products and various items. The construction style depended on the size of the property and the economic status of the owner. Many granaries were also built with a basement, which housed a sheep stable or a cellar for seasonal crops.
The open-air museum in Kamnik preserves and showcases several agricultural buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries, including "kašče" (granaries), fruit dryers, fruit crushers, and a well. These structures, which were once essential on farms, are now almost nonexistent. The "kašča" was the heart of every farm, and only the housewife had the keys to it. Farmers stored vital crops such as grain, meat, sausages, lard, flour, cabbage, and later, small tools, hay, wool, clothing, and homemade craft products inside. Many granaries also had a basement, which served as a sheep stable or a cellar for seasonal crops.
Due to changes in lifestyle and food accessibility, people gradually abandoned "kašče" after World War II.
The size of the granaries was determined by the construction material, which was wood (oak, beech) and measured approximately 8 meters in length. The width of the granary was limited by load-bearing capacity and usually ranged up to 4 meters. The shape of the granary was a result of fundamental requirements and conditions. Functionally, it was a robust structure protected from pests, thieves, and weather conditions. The oldest two-pitched roofs of granary were typically thatched with rye straw. The interior was also designed with functionality in mind.
Between 1968 and 1973, the ethnologist Majda Fister, with professional assistance from ZSV Kranj and Peter Fister, purchased and relocated four granaries, a fruit dryer, and a well from the Tuhinj valley to the museum's plateau in front of Zaprice Castle in Kamnik. Prior to the relocation, all these objects were numbered, drawn, disassembled, and exhibited before being reassembled on the meadow. This formed the basis for establishing the open-air museum. In 1986, the "kašče" were declared cultural monuments.
THE TASK
To solve the puzzle, you need to visit the objects in the open-air museum and find the answers to the following questions:
- A: On how many pillars does the roof of the wooden well on the meadow stand? The solution is A.
- B: From which century is the single-cell granary from the village of Zg.Tuhinj? The second number is the solution B.
- C: The fruit dryer is from the beginning of the 20th century. The number of letters in the name of the village from which the dryer originates is solution C
- D: The oldest granary, built in 1793, originates from which village in the Tuhinj Valley? The number of letters in the village name is the solution D. (This village is strongly connected to me as I spent my youth there).
- E: From which century is the well? The second number is the solution E.
- F: From this point, there is a beautiful view of the old part of Kamnik called Šutna. How many clocks can you see on the bell tower from this place? The solution is F.
N 46° 13.ABC
E 014° 36.DEF
Verification calculation: A+B+C+D+E+F=27
Vir / Source: https://kraji.eu/slovenija/kamnik_muzej_na_prostem_zbirka_kasc/slo
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