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Dashuifa (Great water law) History
In the twelfth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1747), a messenger introduced the European water law to Qianlong, and the Qianlong Emperor wanted to build a Westernized palace in the Old Summer Palace. Jiang Youren majored in Chinese missionary work, and construction engineering was not his specialty, but he studied mathematics and kept many books on fountain architecture. Jiang Youren used his mathematical knowledge and the patterns and words in the books as a reference to design the water spraying project of the Old Summer Palace and named it the "Great Water Method". In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1759), the Great Water Law was completed.Soon after the completion of the Great Water Law, the Qianlong Emperor ordered the mechanical water supply system of the Great Water Law to be closed and replaced with manual water lifting, on the grounds that the small skill of carving insects was not enough to rely on.In the tenth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1860), the Old Summer Palace, including the Great Water Law, was destroyed by the British and French forces, and the Old Summer Palace was destroyed.In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1900),The Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, making it more and more dilapidated.In 1992, the Great Water Law was cleaned up once, but at that time the conditions were poor, and it was only a simple digging of the foundation and the return of some of the stones to their places.In the 20s of the 60th century, a large number of people entered the Old Summer Palace, leveling mountains, filling lakes, cutting down trees, demolishing ruins, building houses... The Old Summer Palace has undergone repeated destruction over a period of ? years. In 2000, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Beijing Municipal Government officially approved the "Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park Plan". The official logo of the Old Summer Palace (the shape of the Great Water Law)In September 2008, the Old Summer Palace unveiled its official logo. “Old Summer PalaceThe three characters are seals, and have evolved into the landmark site of the Old Summer Palace, the "Great Water Law". In 2016, the Beijing Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics carried out a partial excavation of the "hound chasing deer" fountain of the large water method. In 2018, the Management Office of the Old Summer Palace carried out reinforcement and protection projects for the Yuanying Temple and the Great Water Law. In order to leave historical images and record historical traces for these two sites, and better display and study cultural relics, the Management Office of the Old Summer Palace entrusted the School of Archaeology, Culture and Museums of Peking University to comprehensively record the current situation of the Yuanyingguan and Dashuifa ruins in accordance with the digitization scheme of "combining points and surfaces", and to extract the information of the two important relics of the Yuanyingguan stone pillar and the arch of the Dashuifa fountain in a focused manner.
160 years ago, havoc was unleashed in the tranquil grounds. Anglo-French allied forces looted and burned down Yuanmingyuan during the Second Opium War (1856-60) and the resort was reduced to ruins after being continuously raided by bandits, more foreign invaders, and social upheaval.
What is marble?
Marble is a granular metamorphic rock, it is derived from limestone or dolomite and It consists of a mass of interlocking grains of calcite or the mineral dolomite. Form of it when limestone buried deep in the older layers of Earth’s crust is subjected to heat and pressure from thick layers of overlying sediments. It may also form as a result of contact metamorphism near igneous intrusions. Impurities in the limestone can recrystallize during metamorphism, resulting in mineral impurities in the marble, most commonly graphite, pyrite, quartz, mica, and iron oxides. In sufficient amounts, these can affect the texture and color of the marble.
How are marble formed?
Marble is a type of metamorphic rock that is composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, usually calcite or dolomite. The physical origins of marble can be traced back to a combination of heat, pressure, and chemical activity that transforms existing sedimentary or igneous rocks into this distinctive rock type.Marble forms from existing rock when it is subjected to intense heat and pressure over long periods of time. This process, known as metamorphism, causes the original rock to recrystallize and reorient into new mineral formations. In the case of marble, the original rock is typically limestone or dolomite, which are both composed primarily of calcium carbonate.
When limestone or dolomite is subjected to high temperatures and pressures, it undergoes a chemical and mineralogical transformation. The original minerals and textures are destroyed, and new crystals of calcite or dolomite grow in their place. This recrystallization process results in the characteristic grainy texture and crystalline structure of marble.
The heat and pressure necessary for the formation of marble typically occur deep within the Earth’s crust, at depths of several kilometers. The exact conditions necessary for the formation of marble can vary depending on the specific geological setting, such as the depth and duration of burial, the type of rock, and the degree of deformation.
The formation of marble begins with the deposition of calcium carbonate-rich sediments on the ocean floor. Over time, these sediments may be buried and subjected to increasing levels of heat and pressure, causing them to undergo a process called metamorphism.
During metamorphism, the sedimentary rocks are heated and compressed, causing them to undergo a series of physical and chemical changes. As the rocks are subjected to increasing heat and pressure, the minerals within them begin to recrystallize, forming new mineral structures and textures. In the case of marble, the primary mineral that forms is calcium carbonate, which recrystallizes into interlocking grains that give the rock its characteristic texture and appearance.
The exact conditions necessary for the formation of marble can vary depending on the specific geological setting, such as the depth and duration of burial, the type of sedimentary rock, and the degree of deformation. In general, marble forms under high temperatures and pressures that are found deep within the Earth’s crust, typically at depths of several kilometers.
Marble can also form through the metamorphism of other rock types, such as limestone or dolomite. When these rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, they can undergo chemical and mineralogical changes that transform them into marble. The exact nature of these changes depends on a variety of factors, including the original composition of the rock, the temperature and pressure conditions, and the presence of other minerals and fluids.
At the beginning, the metamorphism of the limestone and 1200-1,500 bar and between 125-180 degrees Celsius remote exposure to high pressure and temperature of the marble there.
The metamorphism of the limestone is required by marble, extra iron and graphite (in smaller quantities). As the metamorphism progresses, the crystals grow and the interlocking calcite Changing colors are the result of the duration of the impurity function and metamorphosis
What are the different types of marbles?
Marble is a natural stone that comes in many different types, each with its own unique characteristics and appearance. Here are some of the most common types of marble and their key features:
- Carrara Marble: This is one of the most popular and well-known types of marble, known for its white or blue-grey color and fine, uniform grain. Carrara marble is quarried in Italy and is commonly used for sculpture and building facades.
- Calacatta Marble: Calacatta marble is a high-end type of marble that is known for its distinctive veining and bright white color. It is often used for high-end architectural projects and luxury interior design.
- Emperador Marble: This type of marble is characterized by its rich, warm brown color and distinctive veining. It is often used for flooring, countertops, and fireplace surrounds.
- Crema Marfil Marble: This type of marble is known for its creamy, beige color and relatively uniform grain. It is a popular choice for flooring and countertops.
- Statuario Marble: Statuario marble is prized for its bright white color and bold, dramatic veining. It is often used for sculpture and high-end interior design projects.
- Nero Marquina Marble: This is a rare type of marble that is characterized by its deep black color and bright white veining. It is often used for accents and decorative elements in interior design.
Your task:
Task 1: Do you see more than one marble type? If so name them
Task 2:`Name a place in China where you think the marble was extracted from
Task 3: Now turn around. You will see Guanshuifa which is also made of marble. Do you see a colour difference between the two structures? If so explain why you think there is a colour difference
Task 4: What type of marble do you think the Guanshuifa is made of?
Task 5: (OPTIONAL) Take a picture of either dashuifa or guanshuifa to prove that you were there.
Send the answers via the message center on the app or web. You do not need to wait for the response and can immediately log the earthcache as a found it. If there is anything wrong with your answer, I will message you. All fake/spam logs will be deleted.
-华文-
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大水法（大水法）历史
清乾隆十二年（1747年），有使者向乾隆介绍欧洲水法，乾隆皇帝想在圆明园修建一座西化宫殿。蒋友仁主修中国传教工作，建筑工程不是他的专长，但他学习数学，并保留了许多关于喷泉建筑的书籍。蒋友仁以自己的数学知识，以书中的图案、文字为借鉴，设计了圆明园的喷水工程，并将其命名为“大水法”。清乾隆二十四年（1759年），《大水法》完成。《大水法》建成后不久，乾隆皇帝下令关闭《大水法》的机械供水系统，代之以《大水法》手工提水，理由是雕刻昆虫的小技巧不足以依靠。清咸丰十年（1860年），包括大水法在内的圆明园被英法军队摧毁，圆明园被毁。清光绪二十六年（1900年），八国联军入侵中国，使中国愈发破败。1992年，大水法清理过一次，但当时条件很差，只是简单地挖了地基，把一些石头放回原处。60世纪20年代，大批人进入圆明园，平整山体、填湖、砍树、拆毁废墟、盖房......圆明园在一段时间内多次遭到破坏。年2000年，国家文物局、北京市政府正式批复了《圆明园遗址公园规划》。圆明园官方标志（大水法形状）2008年9月，圆明园揭开了官方标志。“圆明园”三个字是印章，并演变成圆明园的地标性遗址，“大水法”。2016年，北京市文物研究所对大水法的“猎鹿”喷泉进行了局部挖掘。2018年，圆明园管理处对元婴寺、大水法进行了加固保护工程。为了给这两个遗址留下历史影像，记录历史痕迹，更好地展示和研究文物，圆明园管理处委托北京大学考古文化博物馆学院
按照“点面结合”的数字化方案，全面记录元英观、大水法遗址的现状，重点提取元营观石柱和大水法喷泉拱门两大重要遗迹的信息。
160年前，在宁静的土地上肆虐。在第二次鸦片战争（1856-60 年）期间，英法联军掠夺并烧毁了圆明园，在土匪、更多外国侵略者和社会动荡的不断袭击下，该度假胜地沦为废墟。
什么是大理石？
大理石是一种颗粒状变质岩，它来自石灰岩或白云石，由大量互锁的方解石或矿物白云石颗粒组成。当深埋在地壳较旧层中的石灰岩受到厚厚的上覆沉积物层的热量和压力时，它的形式。它也可能是由于火成岩侵入体附近的接触变质作用而形成的。石灰石中的杂质在变质过程中会重结晶，导致大理石中出现矿物杂质，最常见的是石墨、黄铁矿、石英、云母和氧化铁。如果数量足够，这些会影响大理石的质地和颜色。
大理石是如何形成的？
大理石是一种变质岩，由重结晶的碳酸盐矿物组成，通常是方解石或白云石。大理石的物理起源可以追溯到热量、压力和化学活动的结合，这些活动将现有的沉积岩或火成岩转化为这种独特的岩石类型。大理石是在长时间承受高温和高压时从现有岩石中形成的。这个过程被称为变质作用，导致原始岩石重新结晶并重新定向成新的矿物地层。就大理石而言，原始岩石通常是石灰岩或白云石，它们都主要由碳酸钙组成。
当石灰石或白云石经受高温和高压时，它会发生化学和矿物学转变。原来的矿物和质地被破坏，新的方解石或白云石晶体在它们的位置生长。这种再结晶过程导致大理石具有特有的颗粒状纹理和晶体结构。
大理石形成所需的热量和压力通常发生在地壳深处，深度为数公里。大理石形成所需的确切条件可能因具体的地质环境而异，例如埋藏的深度和持续时间、岩石的类型和变形程度。
大理石的形成始于富含碳酸钙的沉积物在海底的沉积。随着时间的流逝，这些沉积物可能会被掩埋并受到越来越高的热量和压力，导致它们经历一个称为变质作用的过程。
在变质作用中，沉积岩被加热和压缩，使它们发生一系列物理和化学变化。随着岩石受到越来越大的热量和压力，其中的矿物质开始重结晶，形成新的矿物结构和纹理。就大理石而言，形成的主要矿物是碳酸钙，它重结晶成互锁的颗粒，使岩石具有独特的质地和外观。
大理石形成所需的确切条件可能因具体的地质环境而异，例如埋藏的深度和持续时间、沉积岩的类型和变形程度。一般来说，大理石在高温下形成
以及在地壳深处发现的压力，通常在几公里深处。
大理石也可以通过其他岩石类型（如石灰岩或白云岩）的变质作用形成。当这些岩石受到热量和压力时，它们会发生化学和矿物学变化，将它们转化为大理石。这些变化的确切性质取决于多种因素，包括岩石的原始成分、温度和压力条件以及其他矿物和流体的存在。
一开始，石灰岩的变质作用与1200-1500巴和125-180摄氏度之间的大理石远程暴露在高压和高温下。
石灰岩的变质作用需要大理石、额外的铁和石墨（少量）。随着变质作用的进行，晶体生长，互锁的方解石颜色变化是杂质功能持续时间和变质作用的结果
弹珠有哪些不同类型？
大理石是一种天然石材，有许多不同的类型，每一种都有自己独特的特征和外观。以下是一些最常见的大理石类型及其主要特点：
卡拉拉大理石：这是最受欢迎和最著名的大理石类型之一，以其白色或蓝灰色和细腻均匀的纹理而闻名。卡拉拉大理石在意大利开采，通常用于雕塑和建筑外墙。
卡拉卡塔大理石：卡拉卡塔大理石是一种高端大理石，以其独特的纹理和明亮的白色而闻名。它通常用于高端建筑项目和豪华室内设计。
Emperador 大理石：这种类型的大理石的特点是其丰富、温暖的棕色和独特的纹理。它通常用于地板、台面和壁炉周围。Crema Marfil 大理石：这种类型的大理石以其奶油色、米色和相对均匀的纹理而闻名。它是地板和台面的热门选择。
雕像大理石：雕像大理石因其明亮的白色和大胆、引人注目的纹理而备受推崇。它通常用于雕塑和高端室内设计项目。
尼禄·马奎纳大理石：这是一种罕见的大理石，其特点是深黑色和明亮的白色纹理。它通常用于室内设计中的口音和装饰元素。
您的任务：
任务 1：您是否看到不止一种大理石类型？如果是这样，请说出所有这些
任务 2：“说出您认为大理石是从哪里提取的中国地方
任务3：现在转过身来。你会看到同样由大理石制成的关水法。你看到两种结构之间的颜色差异了吗？如果是这样，请解释为什么您认为存在色差
任务4：您认为关水法是由什么类型的大理石制成的？
任务 5：（可选）拍一张大水法或关水法的照片，以证明你在那里。
通过应用程序或 Web 上的消息中心发送答案。您无需等待响应，可以立即将 earthcache 记录为找到它。如果你的回答有什么问题，我会给你发消息。所有虚假/垃圾邮件日志都将被删除。
_kurdish(central)???_
ئەمە هێلکەی ئیستەرمە :):):):)