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Go ahead and have fun learning! 
- [REQUIRED] Post a photo of yourself or a personal item at the site to prove you were there.
- Do your best to describe the colour and texture of the Xenoliths embedded in the granite, and compare that to the appearance and texture of the granite.
- Do the xenoliths look like irregular shapes that just got swept up in the molten rock or do they look like they may have intruded the granite in dykes? (Answers are included below.)
- Do you think the Xenoliths are younger or older than their surrounding rock? (Hints included below also.)
Twilingate is the second community of three mentioned in the chorus of the folk song, I's the B'y, along with Moreton’s Harbour and Fogo.
I'se the B'y
I'se The B'y that builds the boat and
I'se The B'y that sails her and
I'se The B'y that catches the fish and
Brings 'em home to Liza
Hip-yer-partner Sally Tibbo
Hip-yer-partner Sally Brown
Fogo, Twillingate, Morton's Harbour,
All around the circle . . .
Twilingate has been an island for about 510 millions years ago, although it has changed a great deal. When the Iapetus Ocean existed, a subduction zone formed and volcanoes spilled out lava. Eventually the crust beneath the island began to melt, granite rock formed and intruded the lava. When the subduction stopped, the island rocks were left to cool and solidify.
In the outcrop you will be visiting, there are many xenoliths of dark amphibolite rock embedded in the granite. A xenolith is a piece of rock trapped in another type of rock.
A xenolith is a "foreign rock" or rock fragment, that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification. Most of the time, a xenolith is a rock embedded in magma while the magma was cooling. Magma is the molten rock beneath the Earths crust that emerges as lava during a volcanic eruption. The rock that forms from cooled magma is called igneous rock.
In this outcrop, some of the xenoliths are long and narrow with straight, parallel sides. That suggests they are remnants of dykes that intruded the granite before it had cooled. Other xenoliths are less regular in shape, suggesting they are older rocks that got swept up in the still-molten granite as it moved through the crust.
Xenoliths provide important information about the composition of the otherwise inaccessible mantle. Isotopic ages of xenoliths range widely, but most are Precambrian, and they are generally much older than the volcanic rocks that have carried them upward.
More about Xenoliths:
In geology, the term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusions in igneous rock entrained during magma ascent, emplacement and eruption. Xenoliths may be engulfed along the margins of a magma chamber, torn loose from the walls of an erupting lava conduit or explosive diatreme or picked up along the base of a flowing body of lava on the Earth's surface. Xenoliths can be non-uniform within individual locations, even in areas which are spatially limited.
Although the term xenolith is most commonly associated with inclusions in igneous rocks, a broad definition could also include rock fragments which have become encased in sedimentary rock. Xenoliths have also been found in some meteorites.
To be considered a true xenolith, the included rock must be identifiably different from the rock in which it is enveloped; an included rock of similar type is called an autolith or a cognate inclusion.
References:
Geology of Newfoundland Field Guide: Touring Through Time at 48 Scenic Sites. Martha Hickman Hild. Pages 90-93.
National Geographic Education
Wikipedia