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- [REQUIRED] Post a photo of yourself or a personal item at the site to prove you were there.
- Look at the outcrop and describe the alternations you see in the sediment.
- Do you think this is cross-bedding, or graded-bedding?
- What angle is the cross-bedding compared to the tilted sediment layers?
In Fallsview Municipal Park, the beds of river sandstone are tilted on edge. The outcrops have been sculpted and smoothed over time by a combination of glacial action and erosion by Exploits’ currents, highlighting the beds' colour variation.
Colour banding in the sediments also allows you to see details geologists use to figure out the environment in which sediments were deposited.
In places on the outcrop, you can see trough-like patterns in which the fine layering sweeps into a truncated curve. This is called cross-bedding. It forms as ripples, or miniature dunes in the sediments, are moved around by flowing water. You can also see the alternation between layers of fine silt and coarser sand. This is caused by water flowing at different rates, as the river channel shifted back and forth over time.
Cross Bedding
In geology, cross-bedding, also known as cross-stratification, is layering within a rock and at an angle to the main layering plane. The sedimentary layers are roughly horizontal within inclined layers. Cross-bedding forms on the inclined surfaces such as ripples and dunes; caused by a flowing medium (typically wind or water such as a river).
What is the difference between graded bedding and cross-bedding?
Cross-bedding occurs when sediments are layered at an angle inclined to the horizontal, whereas graded bedding occurs when larger sediments are deposited at the bottom of the layer, gradually changing to fine sediments at the top.
Graded Bedding
In geology, a graded bed is a bed characterized by a systematic change in grain size from bottom to top of the bed. Normal grading has coarser sediments at the base, grading upward into progressively finer sediments. They are present when a sudden strong current deposits heavy, coarse sediments first, with finer ones following as the current weakens.
References:
Geology of Newfoundland Field Guide: Touring Through Time at 48 Scenic Sites. Martha Hickman Hild. Pages 132-135.
Wikipedia: Cross-Bedding