Mening boshqa bir keshga xush kelibsiz, mening Turkiyada birinchi marta!
Afrasiyob jinslari haqida:
Afrasiyobning geologik tarixi millionlab yillarni qamrab oladi. Bu hududdagi qoyalar kattaroq Tyan-Shan togʻ tizimining bir qismi boʻlgan Turkiston tizmasiga tegishli. Turkiston tizmasi choʻkindi, metamorfik va magmatik jinslardan iborat. Afrasiyobdagi choʻkindi jinslarga qumtosh, ohaktosh va slanets kiradi.
Qumtosh qadimgi qum konlaridan, ohaktosh esa dengiz organizmlaridan (masalan, marjon riflari) kelib chiqadi. Slanets — gil minerallardan tashkil topgan mayda zarrachali jins.
Metamorfik jinslar issiqlik va bosim ta'sirida oldindan mavjud bo'lgan jinslarning o'zgarishi natijasida hosil bo'ladi. Afrasiyobda shist va marmar keng tarqalgan metamorfik jinslardir. Shist slanets yoki boshqa mayda donador jinslardan, marmar esa ohaktoshdan hosil bo'ladi.
Magmatik jinslar erigan magma yoki lavadan hosil bo'ladi. Afrasiyob yaqinida faol vulqonlar bo'lmasa-da, tog 'tarkibiga qadimgi vulqon faolligi hissa qo'shgan. Bazalt va andezit magmatik jinslarga misol bo'lib, ular ham oz miqdorda mavjud.
Afrasiyobning geologik tuzilishi burmalar, yoriqlar va yoriqlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Bu xususiyatlar geologik vaqt davomida ta'sir qiluvchi tektonik kuchlar natijasida yuzaga keladi. Mintaqada siqilish (plitalar konvergentsiyasi natijasida tog‘lar qurilishiga olib keladi) va kengayuvchi tektonika (sayyora jismining qobig‘i yoki litosferaning cho‘zilishi bilan bog‘liq) kuzatiladi. Samarqand atrofidagi hudud Turon plitasining bir qismi bo'lib, u sezilarli tektonik faollikni boshdan kechirgan. Turon plitasi kengroq Alp-Osiyo mobil kamarining bir qismidir. U Turkmaniston, Oʻzbekiston va Afgʻonistonning baʼzi hududlarini qamrab oladi. Millionlab yillar davomida Evrosiyo va Hind plitalari o'rtasidagi to'qnashuvlar landshaftni shakllantirdi. Tog‘ jinslarida yoriqlar, burmalar va ko‘tarilishlar ko‘rinadi, bu bizga ishdagi geologik kuchlar haqida ma’lumot beradi.
Afrasiyob qoyalarida dengiz chig'anoqlari va o'simlik qoldiqlari kabi fotoalbomlar mavjud. Ushbu qazilmalar bu erda mavjud bo'lgan qadimgi ekotizimlar haqida tushuncha beradi. Tasavvur qiling-a, qadimgi dengizlar hayotga to'lib-toshgan, hozirda Afrasiyob qatlamlarida saqlanib qolgan.
Afrasiyob shahri ana shu geologik qatlamlar tepasida qurilgan. Uning devorlari, saroylari va ko'chalari qoyalar bilan o'zaro aloqada bo'lib, boy arxeologik yozuvlarni qoldirdi. Vayronalarni o'rganayotganda, inson tsivilizatsiyasi va Yerning geologik jarayonlari o'rtasidagi dinamik o'zaro ta'sirni ko'rib chiqing. Xulosa qilib aytadigan bo‘lsak, Afrasiyob qoyalari faqat qadimgi shakllanishlar emas; ular Samarqand o‘tmishining hikoyachilaridir.
Savollar:
Jurnal tan olinishi uchun quyidagi savollarga javob berish kerak. Javoblarni xabarlar markazi va profil orqali yoki bevosita miroslavrouta@seznam.cz elektron pochta manziliga yuborishingiz mumkin.
1) Bu yerda qanday toshlarni topishingiz mumkin?
2) Ro'yxatni o'qing va ushbu jinslarning geologik shakllanishi jarayonlari va dalillariga e'tibor qarating. Ularning tarixining qaysi jarayonlari yoki dalillarini koordinatalar atrofida kuzatishimiz mumkin?
3) Ushbu jinslarga ta'rif bering. Ularning rangi, tuzilishi, donasi qanday...
4) Toshlarda turli gʻorlar, teshiklar, inson faoliyatining qoldiqlari va boshqalarni koʻrish mumkin. Sizningcha, ilgari, masalan, oddiy odam turar joyini toshga qazish oson bo'lganmi? Nima uchun shunday deb o'ylaysiz?
5) Iltimos, o'zingiz yoki shaxsiy narsangiz bilan Budakli issiq buloqlari tasvirlangan rasmni ilova qiling.
Welcome to another cache of mine, my first in Türkiye!
About Afrasiab rocks:
Afrasiab’s geological history spans millions of years. The rocks in this area belong to the Turkestan Range, which is part of the larger Tien Shan mountain system. The Turkestan Range consists of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks in Afrasiab include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
Sandstone forms from ancient sand deposits, while limestone originates from marine organisms (such as coral reefs). Shale is a fine-grained rock composed of clay minerals.
Metamorphic rocks result from the transformation of pre-existing rocks due to heat and pressure. In Afrasiab, schist and marble are common metamorphic rocks. Schist forms from shale or other fine-grained rocks, while marble originates from limestone.
Igneous rocks form from molten magma or lava. While there are no active volcanoes in the immediate vicinity of Afrasiab, ancient volcanic activity contributed to the rock composition. Basalt and andesite are examples of igneous rocks that are also be present in a small amount.
The geological structure of Afrasiab includes folds, faults, and fractures. These features result from tectonic forces acting over geological time. The region has experienced both compressional (results from plate convergence, leading to mountain building) and extensional tectonics (involves the stretching of a planetary body’s crust or lithosphere). Area around Samarkand is part of the Turan Plate, which has experienced significant tectonic activity. The Turan Plate is part of the broader Alpine-Asiatic mobile belt. It extends across regions including Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and parts of Afghanistan. Over millions of years, collisions between the Eurasian and Indian plates shaped the landscape. Faults, folds, and uplifts are visible in the rocks, telling us about geological forces at work.
Afrasiab’s rocks contain fossils, such as marine shells and plant remains. These fossils provide insights into the ancient ecosystems that existed here. Imagine ancient seas teeming with life, now preserved in the layers of Afrasiab.
The city of Afrasiab was built atop these geological layers. Its walls, palaces, and streets interacted with the rocks, leaving behind a rich archaeological record. As you explore the ruins, consider the dynamic interplay between human civilization and the Earth’s geological processes. In summary, Afrasiab’s rocks are not just ancient formations; they are storytellers of Samarkand’s past.
Questions:
The following questions must be answered for the log to be recognized. You can send answers both through the message center and through the profile, or directly to the email miroslavrouta@seznam.cz.
1) What rocks can you find here?
2) Read the listing and focus on the processes and evidence of the geological formation of these rocks. Which of the processes or evidence of their history can we observe around the coordinates?
3) Describe these rocks. What is their color, texture, grain...
4) Various caves, holes, remains of human activities, etc. can be seen in the rocks. Do you think it used to be easy to dig, for example, a simple human dwelling into a rock? Why do you think so?
5) Please attach a picture with Afrasiab rocks with you or your personal item.