Meeting of the stones EarthCache

The Balbal were originally erected by Turkish tribes as a representation for slain enemies. Only much later did they become monuments for their own ancestors and characterized by detailed carvings of faces and hands. The following is a list of types of stone and their description. Which of the listed rocks can identify here on the level. Where can you find them on the map?

The structural characteristics are determined by the solidification depth and magmatic rocks are divided into two groups according to rock science according to rock science. The solidification of magma deep inside the earth creates Deep rocks (plutonites). When lava emerges on the earth's surface and solidified there are called effusive rocks (volcanites). The texture is influenced by whether the cooling and solidification of the molten rock cooling and solidification of the molten rock takes place above or below ground.

The term for deep rocks that crystallize slowly at a normal depth of one to several kilometers in a magma chamber is called pluton. is pluton. The individual mineral grains that make up the rock are visible to the naked eye. of which the rock consists. The structure is medium to coarse crystalline.

Volcanic rocks are formed from molten rock that reaches the earth's surface. Extrusive, eruptive, effusive and volcanic rocks are further designations for igneous rock. As the extreme temperature difference at the earth's surface causes the rock masses to solidify quickly, volcanic rocks are often very fine-grained or even glassy, as there is hardly any time for larger crystals to grow. Larger inclusions in a fine-grained matrix are typical of many volcanic rocks. The best-known representative and most widespread is basalt.

The rock cycle is the basis on which the formation of sedimentary of sedimentary rocks can be traced back to. A distinction is made between three types of sediments, divided into clastic, biogenic and chemical sediments. sediments. Material is removed through weathering and erosion and transported to other locations by air, water or gravity. The strength is determined by the pressure that later acts on the sediments. acts on the sediments.

The mineralogical composition depends on the source rock and the transportation distance. composition. The grain size (sand, silt, clay) is an important distinguishing criterion. A clear stratification is recognizable.

A typical biogenic sediment is limestone. Here, mineral shells and skeletons, which consist of carbonates and accumulate to form sediments. Minerals and/or organic substances from animals and plants influence the composition.

The components are dissolved from aqueous solutions. Organisms are not involved in the formation. Depressurization, steam or pH value changes are also responsible for the dissolution of the components. Salt rocks and gypsum are typical chemical sedimentary rocks.

Granite is a magmatic rock with a non-directional granular structure. The essential components are alkali feldspar, plagioclase and quartz formed as clearly recognizable crystals. clearly recognizable crystals. Hornblende in varying proportions and / or biotite are other possible constituent elements. An acidic deep rock (plutonite) is granite due to its silica content. In depths of the earth's crust, it solidifies from an intruding magma at around 700°C. When hot magma solidifies over a very long period of time under the earth's crust at a depth of a depth of more than 2 km, the crystallization of molten rock (magma) creates rock melts (magma) granite is formed.

Gneisses with a pronounced parallel structure (layered texture) are medium to coarse-grained metamorphic rocks (metamorphosed rocks). Feldspar (mostly orthoclase), quartz and mica (biotite, muscovite, fuchsite) are their main their main proportions. The feldspar content is usually over 20%. Among cordierite, disthene, garnet, epidote, hornblende, sillimanite, staurolite may occur as minor components. The The composition of the components and the mineral composition can be the formation and the coloration of pink, greyish, green-grey, reddish gray, reddish brown. Existing rock, such as granite or other of magmatic or sedimentary origin, will be colored under the under the influence of high temperatures and high pressure conditions up to 6 kbar (metamorphites).
Difference from gneiss; clear lateral orientation of the microstructure structure, partly with layered texture to granite; no recognizable lateral orientation of the (lateral) orientation of the structure. The alignment appears random.

Basalt is a volcanic basic extrusive rock/igneous rock, which is formed from subterranean and submarine lava flows.

The name basalt probably comes from the ancient Egyptian and is attributed to Pliny (77 A.D.). The words “quem vocant basalten” or also “... basanites”

An almost black hue with a slight blue tinge is dominant in the coloring of basalt is dominant. The mixture of silicates can also have brownish and reddish hues. shades are also possible. The main minerals contained are plagioclase and Pyroxene(Augit, Pigeonit). Daneben sind auch Minerale wie Olivin, Amphibol, Biotit, Magnetit, Hämatit, Sphen, Ilmenit, manchmal interstitialer Quarz vorhanden.

Greywacke belongs to the sedimentary rocks and is composed of sandstone of various origins various origins, eroded components of quartz, feldspar and unprocessed unprocessed rock fragments of at least 50% such as lydite and quartzite. and quartzite. Mica, chlorite and clay minerals are further fine- to coarse-grained components, which can also be recognized as fine conglomerate. Poor sorting of the grain is a typical characteristic of greywacke. Rapidly sinking troughs in the foreland of rising fold mountains have favored the formation. During the Palaeozoic, the main formation period of greywacke, with a coloration dark gray, brownish gray or greenish gray. Partly pebbly with sandy sediments as a binder, the structure is very firm.

Sandstone can be found in a variety of forms and compositions. found. Sediments or sedimentary rocks, from loose, loose sand (sediment) solidified by pressure becomes sandstone. Whereby pressure strength and the period of time determine the strength. This solid rock consisting of rounded to angular grains with a diameter of 0.063 mm to 2 mm becomes a solidified mass due to the pressure. Fine quartz is generally generally regarded as the main mineral of sandstone. If the proportion than 90% quartz grains, this is called quartz sandstone. sandstone. Unlike other rocks, sandstone is not determined by a mineral composition. If the mixture consists of calcite and at least 50% quartz content, this is referred to as sand-lime brick. Greywacke as sandstone is composed of sandstone of various origins (see above). Often, as with variegated sandstone, different sediments and their sediments and their contents, stratifications in composition and coloration. Sandstone has the typical properties of a sedimentary rock. sedimentary rock. Essentially transported by water, wind and ice transported by water, wind and ice, the mixture is deposited and then layered and solidified under pressure.

This is a large group of different variants. The best known is probably quartz-feldspar gneiss as a mostly bright, milky or clear, crystalline appearance. For magmatic deep rock with a quartz quartz content of more than 90%, this is the collective term. With sediment contamination, it can also occur as quartz wacke in different coloration. Porous and granite-like deposits are also possible. An older term for fine-grained magmatic rocks (aphanitic) with rhyolitic (volcanic rock, feldspar and subsequent enrichment with quartz) enrichment with quartz) composition, which contain quartz and orthoclase in the quartz porphyry.

Marble is also a generic term under which metamorphic rocks and metasediments in various compositions and different colors are compositions and different colors. Under the influence of high pressure and high temperature (regional metamorphism) or through high temperatures in contact with contact with molten rock (contact metamorphism), marble is formed by rock pressure. rock pressure. Calcite, and in some species dolomite, is the main component of marble. Quartz, pyrite, muscovite, adular, plagioclase and others are minor minerals. secondary minerals. Rarely black, the color is white to grey, white-brownish or pink. A striking feature is the way in which different elements flow into one another or direct demarcation. No blending as with granite or gneiss.

Solidified volcanic ejecta, such as dust, ash or lapilli with Lapilli with varying grain sizes and different mineral composition is called tuff. composition is called tuff. Depending on the volcanic material, a distinction can be made between andesite tuff, basalt tuff, diabase tuff, phonolite tuffs, rhyolite tuffs, trachyte tuffs etc. can be distinguished. Similar to sandstone, tuff can also be solidified by pressure. by pressure.

Im inneren der Erde als Magma bezeichnet, wird es an der Erdoberfläche Lava genannt. Somit haben wir das Gleiche, welches nur an unterschiedlichen Orten, andere Namen trägt. Dort wo Hitze und Druck im Erdinneren sehr hoch sind, entsteht Magma. Ein zähflüssiger Gesteinsbrei bildet sich wenn das Gestein bei hohen Temperaturen schmilzt. Dieser sammelt sich in unterirdischen Hohlräumen und wird bei steigendem Druck nach oben befördert. in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung unterscheiden sich Lava und Magma durch Gase, die an der Luft entweichen können. Lava kühlt an der Luft ab und ist bis dahin weich und verformbar.

Batholith means deep rock. Small amounts of mafic magma (magnesium and iron) penetrate the rock during every volcanic event. From hundreds of different intermediate to acidic plutons composed according to structure, chemistry and mineralogy, different intermediate to acidic plutons. Intermediate rocks are neither particularly silica-rich (acidic) nor silica-poor (basic). silica-poor (basic). Deep rock bodies formed by crystallization from crystallization from large melt masses in 5-10 km in the earth's crust are called plutons.

Due to the intrusion of granite, granodiorite is a precursor to diorite. In comparison to granite, granodiorite has more plagioclase than alkali feldspar content. With a higher proportion of plagioclase by volume, the also increases the content of darker constituents. Paths of the existing, the existing fluid transitions to granite, a clear classification between granite granite and granodiorite is not possible.

Treffen der Steine in Balasagun

Deutsche Version: Kyrgyzstan version above  English version above

Götzen aus Stein

Ganz in der Nähe des Burana-Turm vermutet man die Lage der ehemalige Hauptstadt des Karachanidenreich von 940 - 1212. Nach der Eroberung von den Mongolen Dschingis Khans im Jahr 1219 verlor die Stadt ihre Bedeutung völlig und verschwand. Gebaut aus gebrannten Ziegeln, sind von der ursprünglichen Höhe von 45 m nur noch 21,7 m erhalten geblieben. In Richtung Nord West des Burana-Turm und dem historischen Museum folgt eine größere Fläche auf der eine Reihe Götzen in Form von Steinskulpturen vorgefunden werden. Viele dieser Steingötzen, die auch als Balbal bezeichnet werden, wurden aus Materialien gefertigt, die ihren Ursprung in den Tälern von Issyk-Kul und Talas haben. Diese Steinbalbals werden in der Zeit 6. bis 10. Jahrhundert datiert und hauptsächlich im Chui-Tal gesammelt. Auch aus Tien Shanund den Tälern der Chu-Flüsse stammen die Matrialien der Skulpturen.

Die Stadt Balasagyn (Burana-Stadt) gehört seit 2014 zum Weltkulturerbe

Von türkischen Stämmen wurden die Balbal ursprünglich als Repräsentation für getöteter Feinde errichtet. Erst sehr viel später wurden sie Denkmäler für ihre eigenen Vorfahren und durch detaillierte Schnitzereien von Gesichtern und Händen gekennzeichnet. Nachfolgend kommt eine Auflistung von Steinarten und deren Beschreibung. Welche der aufgelisteten Gesteine kannst Du hier auf der Ebene bestimmen. Wo auf dem Plan sind diese zu finden.

Gesteinsarten und Beschreibungen

Es gibt hier einige verschiedene Gesteinsarten zu entdecken. Wie schon erwähnt ist keiner der hier vorhanden Exponate aus der unmittelbaren Umgebung. Zunächst als bildlich, für besiegte Feinde von türkischen Kriegern, die auf der Seidenstrasse unterwegs waren. Später wurden es dann Gedenksteine für die eigene Familie, die aus der Ferne mitgebracht und künstlerich bearbeitet wurden.

Entstehung magmatischem Tiefengestein

Plutonite

Vulkanite

Entstehung sedimenter Gesteine

Klastische Sedimente

Biogene Sedimente

Chemische Sedimente

Granit

Gneiss

Basalt

Grauwacke

Sandstein (roter Sandstein, Kalksandstein)

Quarz und Quarzit

Marmor

Tuff

Lava / Magma

Batholith

Granodiorite

Logbedingung:

1 -	Suche Dir im Steingarten (im Plan Nr. 6) je 2 "Götzen" zu Sediment- und Tiefengestein. Bestimme zu welcher Gesteinsgruppe diese gehören und erkläre Deine Entscheidung. (gesamt 4 verschiedene Steine; Textur, Farbe, Aufbau / Zusammensetzung) Markiere im Plan den Ort, an dem sich diese Skulpturen / Steine befinden. Schicke mir diesen Plan mit Deinen Antworten zu.
2 -	Welche von den im Listing aufgeführten Steinarten sind im Steingarten nicht zu finden. (mindestens eine Art notieren)
3 -	Wo auf dem Gelände hast Du die Möglichkeit Marmor zu sehen?
4 -	Dem Log sollte ein Bild von Dir, Deinem GPS oder Maskotchen auf dem Gelände anhängen. Daumenbilder sind nicht erwünscht, ein Schild mit Deinem Namen schon.