The Geology of Chorvoq Reservoir
Task
1. Rock Types: What types of stone would be ideal for the base of a dam forming Chovroq Reservoir, and why?
2. Basement Rock: Chorvoq Reservoir sits on a base of igneous rock. What features should be checked in the bedrock before creating a lake of that size? What could happen if the bedrock doesn't fullfill this?
3. Lake Basin: Why is the reservoir itself important in the lakes function? Look at the surrounding hillsides to see the natural rock formations that contain the reservoir. Note any signs of layering or fractures?
Picture is necessary and should show that you have been at the earthcache with at least your geocaching name or yourself in the picture.
Welcome to the Chorvoq Lake Earthcache! Located in the scenic Chatkal Mountains, Chorvoq Lake stands as a testament to the importance of geology in engineering. This Earthcache will guide you through the geological considerations that are essential to create a reliable reservoir. By understanding the geology behind Chorvoq Lake, you’ll gain insight into the role of rock types, geological stability, and water containment in dam projects worldwide.
Chorvoq Dam
Constructed in 1970 along the Chirchiq River, Chorvoq Dam is an embankment dam that forms Chorvoq Reservoir. With a height of 168 meters and a length of 570 meters, it provides water for agriculture, drinking, and energy for the surrounding region. The structure’s success relies heavily on the geology of the area, particularly the stability and quality of the rocks supporting it.
Geology of the reservoir
Building a dam requires selecting a stable location with the right bedrock. For a large dam like Chorvoq, there are three essential geological factors:
1. A solid foundation
Dams require rock foundations that are both durable and water-resistant. Igneous rocks, such as granite, basalt, or diorite, are preferred for dam construction. These rocks are:
- Dense and durable : Igneous rocks resist erosion and provide a strong foundation.
- Low permeability : They prevent water from seeping through, reducing leakage.
2. The Reservoir
A dam holds back water, but the reservoir basin is just as important. This rock basin must be able to withstand the weight and pressure of a large body of water. In the case of Chorvoq Reservoir, the surrounding rock creates a natural bowl, helping to contain the water and manage its flow.
The reservoir walls need to be stable and mostly free from fractures to maintain structural integrity. For instance, cracks in the basin rock could lead to dangerous leaks or erosion over time.
3. Geological Stability: Faults and Cracks
One of the biggest threats to dam stability is the presence of faults or cracks in the base rock. Before construction, engineers carefully study and test the bedrock to locate any weaknesses. In some cases, cracks or faults can be reinforced, but in others, they may disqualify the location entirely.
At Chorvoq, engineers likely used ground-penetrating surveys and seismic tests to identify any potential faults or fractures. This process is crucial to ensure that the dam remains stable over time, even with the natural shifts in the Earth's crust.
Chorvoq Suv Ombori Geologiyasi
Vazifa
1. Tosh turlari: Chorvoq suv omborini shakllantiruvchi to'g'on poydevori uchun qaysi tosh turlari ideal bo'ladi va nima uchun?
2. Poydevor toshi: Chorvoq suv ombori magmatik tog' jinslari asosida joylashgan. Ushbu turdagi yirik ko'lni yaratishdan oldin poydevor jinsida qaysi xususiyatlarni tekshirish kerak? Agar poydevor jinslari bu talablarga javob bermasa, nima sodir bo'lishi mumkin?
3. Ko'l havzasi: Suv omborining o'zi ko'lning funksiyasi uchun nima uchun muhim? Suv omborini o'z ichiga olgan tabiiy tog' jinslari shakllarini ko'rish uchun atrofdagi yonbag'irlarni tekshiring. Qatlamlar yoki yoriqlar belgilarini qayd etingmi?
Rasm talab qilinadi va u yerda, yer keshida bo'lganingizni ko'rsatib turishi kerak. Rasmda kamida sizning geocaching ismingiz yoki o'zingiz bo'lishingiz lozim.
Chorvoq Ko'li Yer Keshiga xush kelibsiz! Chatqol tog'larida joylashgan Chorvoq ko'li muhandislikda geologiyaning ahamiyatini aks ettiradi. Ushbu yer keshi sizni ishonchli suv omborini yaratish uchun zarur bo'lgan geologik jihatlar bilan tanishtiradi. Chorvoq ko'lining geologiyasini tushunish orqali siz tosh turlari, geologik barqarorlik va suvni saqlashning butun dunyo bo'ylab to'g'on loyihalaridagi rolini tushunasiz.
Chorvoq to'g'oni
1970-yilda Chirchiq daryosi bo'ylab qurilgan Chorvoq to'g'oni Chorvoq suv omborini hosil qiluvchi tuproq to'g'onidir. 168 metr balandlikda va 570 metr uzunlikda bo'lib, u atrofdagi hudud uchun qishloq xo'jaligi, ichimlik suvi va energiya bilan ta'minlaydi. Tuzilmaning muvaffaqiyati hudud geologiyasiga, ayniqsa uni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan toshlarning barqarorligi va sifatiga bog'liq.
Suv omborining geologiyasi
To'g'on qurish uchun mustahkam poydevor va mos tog' jinslariga ega joyni tanlash zarur. Chorvoq kabi katta to'g'on uchun uchta asosiy geologik omil mavjud:
1. Mustahkam poydevor
To'g'onlar bardoshli va suv o'tkazmaydigan tosh poydevorlarni talab qiladi. Granit, bazalt yoki diorit kabi magmatik jinslar to'g'on qurilishi uchun ma'qul. Ushbu jinslar:
- Siqilgan va bardoshli: Magmatik jinslar eroziyaga chidamli va mustahkam poydevor yaratadi.
- Past o'tkazuvchanlik: Suv sizib chiqishini oldini olib, oqishni kamaytiradi.
2. Suv ombori
To'g'on suvni ushlab tursa ham, suv ombori havzasi shunchalik muhimdir. Ushbu tosh havzasi katta hajmdagi suvning og'irligi va bosimiga bardosh berishi kerak. Chorvoq suv ombori holatida atrofdagi tog' jinslari tabiiy kosani hosil qilib, suvni ushlab turishga va uning oqimini boshqarishga yordam beradi.
Suv ombori devorlari barqaror va asosan yoriqlardan xoli bo'lishi kerak, bu esa tuzilishning yaxlitligini ta'minlaydi. Masalan, havza jinsidagi yoriqlar vaqt o'tishi bilan xavfli oqish yoki eroziyaga olib kelishi mumkin.
3. Geologik barqarorlik: Yoriqlar va sinishlar
To'g'on barqarorligiga eng katta tahdidlardan biri yoriqlar yoki sinishlar mavjudligi. Qurilishdan oldin muhandislar poydevor jinslarini diqqat bilan o'rganib, har qanday zaifliklarni aniqlashadi. Ba'zi hollarda yoriqlar yoki sinishlar mustahkamlanishi mumkin, ammo boshqa hollarda joylashuv butunlay mos emas deb topilishi mumkin.
Chorvoqda muhandislar, ehtimol, har qanday mumkin bo'lgan yoriqlar yoki sinishlarni aniqlash uchun yerosti tekshiruvlari va seysmik sinovlardan foydalangan. Ushbu jarayon to'g'on vaqt o'tishi bilan, hatto Yer qobig'ining tabiiy siljishlari bilan ham, barqaror bo'lib qolishini ta'minlash uchun muhimdir.
