Kamchatka Brown Bear
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamchatka_brown_bear
The Kamchatka brown bear (Ursus arctos beringianus), also known as the Far Eastern brown bear, or in Russian: камчатский бурый медведь, romanized: kamchatsky bury medved, is a subspecies of brown bear native to the Russian Kamchatka Peninsula.
Distribution
It is native to the Anadyrsky District, the Kamchatka Peninsula, Karaginskiy Island, the Kuril Islands, the coastal strip west of the Sea of Okhotsk southward to the Stanovoy Range, and the Shantar Islands in the Far East. Outside the former Soviet Union, the subspecies occurs in Saint Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea.[4] It is closely related to one clade of brown bears in Alaska and northwest North America, and is thought to be the ancestor of the Kodiak bear.
Habitat
Tundra, deciduous and coniferous forests, streams, rivers and coasts of the region.
Description
It is about the size of the Kodiak bear; however, the skull is broader than that of the Ussuri brown bear, and compared to that of the Kodiak bear, the breadth of the skull is much greater in proportion to its length, the anterior narial opening is much shorter, and the molars differ in relative size and form. The greatest skull length for males is 40.3–43.6 cm (15.9–17.2 in), and they are 25.8–27.7 cm (10.2–10.9 in) wide, while the skulls of females measure 37.2–38.6 cm (14.6–15.2 in) in length and 21.6–24.2 cm (8.5–9.5 in) in width. Fur color is predominantly dark brown with a violet tint. Light colored individuals are rarely encountered. They are generally solitary in nature, like other bears and predators. Except for mating and for mothers with cubs, they prefer being alone. But, they can create large, dense groups in areas that are rich in food.
Size
Kamchatka brown bear is the biggest brown bear in Eurasia, with a body length of 2.4 m (7.9 ft) to 3 m (9.8 ft) tall on hind legs, and a weight up to at least 650 kg (1,430 lb).
Diet
They eat both animals and plants. But, like pandas, they have the digestive system of carnivores, so they are classified as Carnivora, despite plants making up a large portion of their diet, with some estimates as high as 80-90%. In the summer period, they feed on blueberries, crowberries, humpback salmon, and steelhead. In autumn, they eat nuts from nut-pines and mountain ash, and fish. In times of famine they eat dead fish or marine mammals, berries, and graminoid vegetation. They also hunt sea otters and also scavenge on the seals and whales which are washed up on the shoreline.
Hibernation
Their dens are often built under tree roots on dry slopes in September or October, about 30 days prior to hibernation. They may spend up to 6 months in hibernation.
Reproduction and development
Female Kamchatka brown bears begin to reproduce as early as 4 years of age. The typical litter size is 3-4 cubs. Cubs are born in winter while the female is hibernating. There are usually 2 to 3 cubs per litter.
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