Cantabrian Brown Bear
The Cantabrian brown bear, Iberian brown bear, or Iberian bear (formerly Ursus arctos pyrenaicus) is a population of Eurasian brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) living in the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain.
N39 46.946 W080 21.528
In Spain, it is known as the Oso pardo cantábrico and, more locally, in Asturias as Osu. It is timid and will avoid human contact whenever possible. The Cantabrian brown bear can live for around 25–30 years in the wild.
Distribution
Living in the Cantabrian Mountains of Asturias, Spain. Mountains of Spain, characterised by high peaks of up to 2000 m and steep valleys.
Habitat
The landscape is dominated by mixed forests, meadows, rocky mountains, and small human settlements. Forests are primarily composed by different oak species .
Description
the Cantabrian brown bear, or oso pardo cantábrico, is the smallest of the brown bear family. Their weight varies hugely depending on the time of year.
Size
The bear measures between 1.6 and 2 m (5.2 and 6.6 ft) in length, and between 0.90 and 1 m (3.0 and 3.3 ft) at shoulder height. On average, females weigh 85 kg (187 lb), but can reach a weight of 150 kg (330 lb). Males average 115 kg (254 lb), though they can weigh as much as 200 kg (440 lb).
Diet
The Cantabrian brown bear is an opportunistic omnivore. Eating mainly plants, roots, fruit, berries and nuts, its mostly vegetarian diet is supplemented by insects, eggs, honey, fungi and carrion.
Hibernation
Emerging from their winter hibernative state they can be very underweight and need to feed to restore their body fat whereas during the autumn they should be at their heaviest in readiness for the winter, although the last couple of winters in the Cordillera Cantábrica have been so mild that the bears have not needed to hibernate at all.
Reproduction and development
Females of the collective brown bear species go into oestrus (heat) once every three to four years. After mating with the male, the bears of both sexes display no sexual interest anymore. Female bears are not fertilized immediately. Rather, they have delayed implantation. Fertilized egg(s) float around in the female’s uterus for six months. If she gains enough weight to go through winter hibernation, the fetus will implant and the cubs are born about eight weeks later. After mating in the spring females give birth in December/January to cubs weighing only about 350g each. This is tiny compared to the size of the mother and doesn’t correlate with the length of the nine-month gestation period. Interestingly, it has been discovered that there is a natural delay in the development of the fertilised eggs early on at the blastocyst stage (before the foetus or placenta has developed). The eggs are not implanted into the uterus until five months after mating. This is attributed to the fact that the female doesn’t eat during the latter stages of pregnancy as her metabolic rate slows down for winter. To compensate for this her milk is extremely rich in nutrients and the young don’t need to suckle as much as other mammals. Litters are usually two, occasionally three, and will stay with their mother for eighteen months to two years. Infant mortality is high with only one of the young likely to reach maturity. On emerging from the den in spring the cubs have many dangers to face including disease and the male bear’s predilection for infanticide in the hope that this will prematurely bring the mother into season again, this not occurring naturally for about three years after giving birth.
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