Dialogue of Lungshan Stones #RockinBuilding
登錄任務：
1. Observation at the published point. Which location is the Qingdou Stone ?(position A/position B) Explain your reasoning.
2. Observation at the reference point. Compare the rock wall at position C with positions A and B by considering grain size and color differences. Based on your comparison, do you think the rock wall at position C originates from Taiwan? Provide an explanation and, if possible, geological evidence to support your conclusion.
1. 在公布點觀察，請問青斗石位於Ａ或Ｂ?解釋你的想法。
2. 在參照點觀察石牆C，請與A、B相比，石牆C的岩石顆粒大小、顏色，依據您的比較結果，請問您推測石牆C的產地是否來自台灣？說明您的想法，可能的話請提出地質證據。
3. Photo Task: Take a photo that includes at least two different stone types along with yourself, a personal item, or your GPS device. 請與龍山寺的石材拍照，照片須包含至少兩種石材與你、你的代表物、或你的GPS裝置。
Log this earthcache as “Found it” and send me your suggesting answers. Do not reveal your answers in your log, except for Task 3. I hope you enjoy this earthcache. Favorite Point Appreciated. 登錄此地質寶為「found it」並透過訊息發送給我您建議的答案。除了任務3，請不要在log中公布你的答案。希望你喜歡這個地質寶，歡迎給予FP。
Longshan Temple, a historic Buddhist structure, not only carries religious and cultural significance but also holds rich geological information. This earthcache will guide you through the three common building stones used in the temple, Quanzhou White, Qingdou Stone, and Guanyin Stone, allowing you to appreciate the fusion of stone materials and architectural art through their geological characteristics.
Bangka Longshan Temple was designated a National Historic Site in 2018. It is a branch temple of Anhai Longshan Temple in Quanzhou, primarily dedicated to Guanyin Bodhisattva. The temple faces south and has a Hui-style layout, featuring a classical Chinese three-hall, four-sided courtyard design. Its architectural structure consists of the front hall, main hall, rear hall, and side wings.
Three Types of Igneous Rocks in Lungshan Temple
Quanzhou White
Quanzhou White is a type of Granite. Granite is a plutonic igneous rock that forms deep within the Earth’s crust. Since the magma that forms granite intrudes at significant depths, it cools slowly, allowing sufficient time for minerals to grow into coarse grains.
Depending on its mineral composition, granite can exhibit varying grain sizes and colors. Granites with less quartz and more potassium feldspar tend to have reddish grains, while those with less quartz and more plagioclase feldspar appear gray or white. Geological Properties:
• Rock Type: Igneous rock (plutonic)
• Main Components: Quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase
• Color & Texture: Pinkish-gray to light gray with black specks; hard and dense
• Origin: Fujian, China
Application in Longshan Temple: Quanzhou White is commonly used for temple foundations, door pillars, and decorative carvings. Its fine texture allows for intricate carvings, which remain clear and detailed over time.
Qingdou Stone
Qingdou Stone is a type of diabase or dolerite. Dolerite is a shallow intrusive igneous rock that cools relatively quickly, resulting in finer mineral grains. At the contact zone with surrounding rocks, it may form a chilled margin due to rapid cooling. Geological Properties:
• Rock Type: Igneous rock (plutonic)
• Main Components: Pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar
• Color & Texture: Gray-green; dense and hard with fine grain structure
• Origin: Fujian, China
Application in Longshan Temple: Due to its hardness and fine texture, Qingdou Stone is often used for column bases and small decorative elements. Its gray-green hue adds a touch of antiquity and elegance to the architecture.
Guanyin Stone
Guanyin Stone is a type of Andesite. Andesite is an intermediate volcanic rock that contains phenocrysts (porphyritic texture). Its phenocrysts are composed of plagioclase, hornblende, and pyroxene, while the remaining fine-grained dark material consists of volcanic glass. Geological Properties:
• Rock Type: Igneous rock (volcanic)
• Main Components: Plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende
• Color & Texture: Dark gray to black, small phenocrysts, dense texture
• Origin: Northern Taiwan
Application in Longshan Temple: Guanyin Stone, due to its dark color and dense texture, is often used for carved dragon pillars, stone lions, and other ornamental elements. When polished, it emits a bluish sheen, enhancing the solemn and majestic atmosphere of the temple.
龍山寺，作為歷史悠久的佛教建築，不僅承載著宗教信仰與文化傳承，也蘊含著豐富的地質資訊。本地質寶將帶你探究寺內常見的三種石材—泉州白、青斗石與觀音石，透過它們的地質特性，感受石材與建築藝術的融合。
艋舺龍山寺2018年升格為國定古蹟。龍山寺是泉州安海龍山寺之分靈寺廟，主要奉祀觀世音菩薩。龍山寺坐北朝南，面呈回字形，為中國古典三進四合院之宮殿式建築，由前殿、正殿、後殿及左右護龍構成。
艋舺龍山寺使用三種火成岩：
泉州白（花崗岩）
花崗岩是侵入在地殼深部生成的火成岩，屬於深成岩，花崗岩岩漿侵入在地殼較深處，因此岩漿冷卻速度較為緩慢，所以岩漿中的礦物有足夠的時間慢慢生長，形成粗粒的礦物。
花崗岩依礦物組成會有不同大小的顆粒，也會形成不同的顏色，石英較少、鉀長石較多的花崗岩多有紅色顆粒，石英較少、斜長石較多則會有灰色、白色顆粒。 地質性質：
• 岩石類型： 火成岩 (侵入岩)
• 主要成分： 石英、鉀長石、斜長石
• 顏色與質地： 粉紅和淺灰帶有黑斑，質地堅硬，結構緻密
• 產地：中國福建
應用於龍山寺的部分：泉州白常用於寺廟的台基、門柱、雕刻裝飾等部分。其細膩的質感使得石雕更加精緻，經年累月仍可保持清晰的紋理。
青斗石（輝綠岩）
輝綠岩是屬於侵入地殼淺層的火成岩，冷卻速度快，形成的礦物顆粒也比較細，跟圍岩接觸處容易形成冷卻邊緣。 地質性質：
• 岩石類型： 火成岩 (侵入岩)
• 主要成分： 輝石、斜長石
• 顏色與質地： 灰綠色，質地堅硬細密，紋理細緻
• 產地：中國福建
應用於龍山寺的部分： 青斗石因質地堅硬且細密，適合精細雕刻，因此常見於寺內的柱子基座、小面積裝飾等部分。其灰綠色調為建築增添了古樸典雅的氛圍。
觀音石（安山岩）
安山岩是一種中性火山噴出岩，其中含有斑晶(Porphyritic)，斑晶的礦物組成為斜長石、角閃石(Hornblende)、輝石(Pyroxene)，其餘深色的細質顆粒是火山玻璃。 地質性質：
• 岩石類型： 火成岩 (火山岩)
• 主要成分： 斜長石、輝石、角閃石
• 顏色與質地： 深灰至黑色，斑晶細小，質地細密
• 產地：台灣北部
應用於龍山寺的部分： 觀音石因其深色且質地細密，常被用於雕刻龍柱、石獅等裝飾。經過打磨後，石材泛著藍光，呈現古樸自然的質感，為寺廟增添莊嚴肅穆的氛圍。
reference
文化資產保存學刊47期 (2019/03) Pp. 97-114
國家文化記憶庫 臺灣傳統建築石雕