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Ryszard Kukliński was born in 1930 in Warsaw. He spent the period of the German occupation in the city, becoming involved in underground activities linked to the ‘Sword and Plough’ organisation. After the war ended, he began his military service, choosing a career as an officer. He graduated from the Infantry Officers’ School in Wrocław and subsequently served in units of the Polish Army, gaining command and staff experience. An important stage in his professional development was his graduation from the General Staff Academy in 1964, which enabled him to work on operational planning at the highest level.
Between 1967 and 1968, he served with the International Supervisory and Control Commission in Vietnam. Upon his return to Poland, he was assigned to the General Staff of the Polish Army, where he participated in the drafting of military plans for the Warsaw Pact. He was involved in preparing documents relating to the military operations of the Eastern Bloc countries, including plans for intervention in Czechoslovakia. In 1972, he was promoted to the rank of colonel. Thanks to his position, he gained access to strategic documents concerning war plans and operations against NATO countries.
That same year, he began working secretly with the CIA. In his dealings with American intelligence, he used the alias ‘Jack Strong’. For nearly ten years, he passed on information regarding the Warsaw Pact’s military capabilities, plans for the use of nuclear weapons, and preparations for the imposition of martial law in Poland. This intelligence enabled NATO countries to better assess the military capabilities of the Eastern Bloc and prepare their own defensive measures.
In the mid-1970s, he also took part in a project codenamed ‘Albatros’, which involved the construction of underground command posts for the military leadership of the Warsaw Pact. When, in 1981, there was a risk that his activities might be exposed, the CIA carried out an operation to evacuate him and his family from Poland to the United States. In 1984, he was sentenced to death in absentia by a military court of the People’s Republic of Poland, but following the political changes, the sentence was overturned. He died in 2004 in Tampa, Florida, and his ashes were laid to rest at the Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw.
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