> Some rocks... <
A. Limestone: Limestone is a gray, dull, effervescent rock with HCl, sometimes massive, often stratified, and frequently containing fossils. Limestone can be fissile when it is formed of carbonate beds alternating with clay beds.
B. Basalt: Basalt is the most common volcanic igneous rock on Earth because it constitutes almost 100% of the composition of the ocean floor. Its color varies from black to gray, including reddish-brown. This rock weathers to a rust color due to the abundance of iron in its composition. Basalt is generally aphanitic but may contain plagioclase feldspar phenocrysts. Basalt is usually massive but can be vesicular.
C. Sandstone: Sandstone is a detrital sedimentary rock formed from sand grains cemented by silica, calcite, iron oxide, or clay. The sand grains originate from the weathering of rocks exposed to the elements. Coarse sand grains are frequently fragments of the parent rock, while fine sands are more commonly resistant minerals, separated from the rock that originally contained them. The two most common minerals in sand grains are quartz and feldspar.
D. Coal: Coal originates from the fossilization of ancient woody plant matter. During its burial, the woody material undergoes progressive diagenesis, transforming it into peat and then into different grades of coal with increasingly higher carbon content, culminating in anthracite (92% to 95% carbon).
E. Slate: Slate is a fine-grained metamorphic rock exhibiting slate cleavage, that is, tectonic fissility, millimeter-scale and oriented perpendicular to the principal stress of the metamorphism. Slate cleavage thus represents the plane of flattening of the material in reaction to pressure metamorphism. The color of slate is limited to various shades of black, greenish-gray, and reddish-gray.
