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Józef Michał Hubert Unrug was born in Brandenburg, near Berlin, the son of a Prussian general and a Saxon countess. He was educated at a grammar school in Dresden, and upon graduation decided to embark on a career at sea. He enrolled at the Naval Academy in Kiel, where he underwent full officer training, which he supplemented with courses in mines and torpedoes, as well as submarine navigation.
He initially served on cruisers and battleships in the Kaiserliche Marine. When the First World War broke out, he was at naval college; from there he was transferred to submarines, where he held officer and command posts, as well as heading the submarine school and a flotilla of such vessels. In 1919, after Poland regained its independence, he returned to the country and enlisted in the nascent Polish Army. He was assigned to the Department of Maritime Affairs in Warsaw, and subsequently established the Hydrographic Office in Gdańsk. To lay the foundations for the Polish fleet, he purchased the first Polish ship, ORP Pomorzanin, in his own name. From 1925, he held the post of Commander of the Fleet in Gdynia.
In the face of the impending conflict with Germany in August 1939, he moved his headquarters to Hel and took command of Coastal Defence. That same month, in accordance with earlier strategic plans, he ordered the implementation of Operation Peking, under which three Polish destroyers sailed to Great Britain to avoid destruction in the enclosed waters of the Baltic Sea. Despite being cut off from the rest of the country, the forces under his command continued to resist until early October, when he decided to surrender. He was taken into German captivity, where he spent the rest of the war, consistently refusing to return to German service and communicating with the occupiers exclusively through an interpreter.
Following the liberation in 1945, he became involved in the disbandment of the Polish Armed Forces in the West in the United Kingdom, after which he decided to remain in exile. He left for Morocco, where he worked as a manual labourer on fishing boats and in warehouses. He spent the last years of his life in France, working as a lorry driver. He died in Lailly-en-Val and was buried in Montrésor. In 2018, his remains were repatriated to Poland and laid to rest at the Naval Cemetery in Gdynia.
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