Astronaut:
Eligibility
To earn an astronaut badge, a military
officer must complete all required training and participate in a
space flight more than 62 miles above the Earth. This boundary
comes from the
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale which defines space
flight as more than one hundred kilometres (62.137 miles) from
Earth, a definition recognized by every country. However, in the
1960s, the United
States Department of Defense awarded astronaut badges to
military and civilian pilots who flew aircraft higher than 50 miles
(80 kilometers).[1]
Seven USAF and NASA pilots qualified for the astronaut badge by
flying the sub-orbital X-15 rocket
spaceplane.[1]
American test pilot Michael Melvill was
awarded a Commercial Astronaut Badge by the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) when he flew sub-orbital mission
aboard the Scaled
Composites SpaceShipOne rocket
spaceplane.[1] All
other men and women awarded the astronaut badge earned it traveling
to outer space in non-winged rockets or the space
shuttle.
Military
badges
Each of the military services issues its own
version of the Astronaut Badge, which consists of a standard
Aviation
Badge with an Astronaut Device (shooting star through a halo)
centered on the badge's shield, or escutcheon.
The United States Army and Air Force Astronaut Badges are issued in
three degrees: Basic, Senior, and Master/Command. The Senior
Astronaut Badge is denoted by a star centered above the decoration,
while the Master/Command level is indicated by a star and
wreath.
United States
Army
The Army Astronaut Badge is awarded in three levels
The Astronaut Badge issued by the U.S. Army is awarded
in three levels: Army Astronaut, Senior Army Astronaut, and Master
Army Astronaut.[2]
Astronauts that have yet to fly a mission and have not been awarded
any aviation badge previously, will be awarded the Army Aviation
Badge. The badge's design is similar to the Army Aviation Badge
but it has a shooting star and elliptical orbit over the
shield.[2] The shooting
star and orbit representation is meant to imply the astronaut's
theater of operations, space.[2] The Army Astronaut Badge was
approved on 17 May 1983.[2]
United States Air
Force
U.S. Air Force Enlisted Mission Specialist Astronaut
Badge[3]
The U.S. Air Force
issues its astronaut badge in three degrees: Basic, Senior, and
Command. The Air Force Astronaut Badge consists of a standard
USAF aviation badge, upon which is centered the Astronaut
Device. The Air Force does not consider Astronaut to be a separate
rating from its seven established aviation badges, but as a
"qualifier" to them, and may only be awarded by the Air Force
Chief of Staff after written application upon completion of an
operational space mission. The rating of
Observer is used for Mission
Specialists who have completed training but not a mission. In
2007, the U.S. Air Force announced the opening of astronaut mission
specialists positions to enlisted personnel who met certain
eligibility requirements. No enlisted astronaut badges are yet
known to have been issued[4].
United States
Navy
The Naval Astronaut insignia are issued in a
single degree by the U.S. Navy and consists
of a Naval Aviator
insignia or Naval
Flight Officer insignia with a centered astronaut
emblem.
United States
Marine Corps
United
States Marine Corps astronauts are trained in the same pipeline
as United
States Navy astronauts, and awarded the same
insignia.
United States
Coast Guard
The United
States Coast Guard astronauts are trained in the same pipeline
as United
States Navy astronauts, and awarded the same
insignia.
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