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SK
:
Global Positioning
System, zvycajne nazývaný GPS (armáda USA ho oznacuje
akoNAVSTAR GPS - NAVigation Signal for Timing And Ranging),
je satelitný navigacný
systém používaný na zistenie
presnej pozície a poskytujúci velmi presnú casovúreferenciu
takmer kdekolvek na Zemi alebo zemskej orbite.
Používa zostavu aspon 24 satelitov na strednej zemskej
orbite.
Je schopný poskytovat údaje o polohe nezávisle
na pocasí 24 hodín denne. Ide o pasívny
družicový dlžkomerný systém. Cielom prevádzkovatela
tohto systému,
Ministerstva obrany USA,
pôvodne bolo, aby vojenské jednotky mohli presne urcovat
polohu, rýchlost a
cas v jednotnom referencnom systéme. Z uvedeného vyplýva, že
systém bol vyvíjaný najmä pre vojenské úcely, ale americký kongres
neskôr schválil jeho využitie s urcitými obmedzeniami aj pre
civilný sektor.
EN
:
The Global Positioning
System (GPS) is
a U.S. space-based global
navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning,
navigation, and timing services to worldwide users on a continuous
basis in all weather, day and night, anywhere on or near the
Earth.
GPS is made up of three parts: between 24
and 32 satellites orbiting the Earth, four control and monitoring
stations on Earth, and the GPS receivers owned by users. GPS
satellites broadcast signals from space that are used by GPS
receivers to provide three-dimensional location (latitude,
longitude, and altitude) plus the time.
Since it became fully operational on April 27, 1995, GPS has become
a widely used aid to
navigationworldwide, and a useful tool for map-making, land surveying,
commerce, scientific uses, tracking and surveillance, and hobbies
such as geocaching.
Also, the precise time
reference is
used in many applications including the scientific study of
earthquakes and as a time synchronization source for cellular
network protocols.
GPS has become a mainstay of transportation systems worldwide,
providing navigation for aviation, ground, and maritime operations.
Disaster relief and emergency services depend upon GPS for location
and timing capabilities in their life-saving missions. Everyday
activities such as banking, mobile phone operations, and even the
control of power grids, are facilitated by the accurate timing
provided by GPS. Farmers, surveyors, geologists and countless
others perform their work more efficiently, safely, economically,
and accurately using the free and open GPS signals.
