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Angular Unconformity - Nappa scar EarthCache

Hidden : 9/8/2009
Difficulty:
3 out of 5
Terrain:
1.5 out of 5

Size: Size:   not chosen (not chosen)

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Geocache Description:

An interesting spot on the lower slopes of Ingleborough in an area of many geological features. There's caves, faults, potholes, limestone pavement, glacial erosion and much more.

Nappa Scar is a key locality in the Lower Palaeozoic inlier and is a Sub-Carboniferous unconformity.

Nappa scar on the approach path with the Norber Erratics in the background - The unconformity is in the tree line NOT at the base.

Pebbly limestone and conglomerate on lap a palaeocliff in cleaved calcareous siltstone of the Upper Ordovician (Ashgill) Norber Formation. The path you are standing on is the Ordovician basement whilst the horizontal stratum higher up is Carboniferous Great Scar Limestone.

An unconformity is a buried erosion surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous. In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger, but the term is used to describe any break in the sedimentary geologic record.

The phenomenon of angular unconformity (see below) was discovered by James Hutton, who found examples at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in 1788.

The rocks above an unconformity are younger than the rocks beneath (unless the sequence has been overturned).

An unconformity represents time during which no sediments were preserved in a region. The local record for that time interval is missing and geologists must use other clues to discover that part of the geologic history of that area. The interval of geologic time not represented is called a hiatus.

Angular unconformity is an unconformity is where horizontally parallel strata of sedimentary rock are deposited on tilted and eroded layers, producing an angular discordance with the overlying horizontal layers. The whole sequence may later be deformed and tilted by further orogenic activity.

Questions; (answers on an e-mail to me via my profile, please don’t post them on your visit log)

What does ‘Orogeny’ mean? (Use the internet)

Estimate the thickness of the layer between the top of the unconformity and the upper horizontal strata and describe its appearance (Look closely – it’s very distinctive.)

Is this layer harder or softer than the strata above; and how do you know? Please don't dig at either layer - you can tell by looking and thinking.

Estimate the total height to the top of the scar.

Post a picture of you and/or GPS at the posted coordinates showing the unconformity. Logs without a picture and/or wildly inaccurate answers may be deleted.

Additional Hints (Decrypt)

Znxr fher lbh’er ba gur hccre gerr-yvarq cngu (Zl TCF ernq 820 srrg nygvghqr)

Decryption Key

A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M
-------------------------
N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z

(letter above equals below, and vice versa)